Freud 將此尊Gradiva (治療的象徵) 的複製品送給他的弟子 作為師徒之印記
Gradiva (Latin: The woman who walks) is a neo-Attic Roman bas-relief in the manner of Greek works of the fourth century BCE, depicting a young robed woman who lifts the hems of her skirts to stride forward. The relief is in the Vatican Museums.[1] This sculpture was the basis for the 1903 novel Gradiva by German writer Wilhelm Jensen.
Sigmund Freud famously analysed the novel, particularly Hanhold's dreams, in his 1907 study ("Der Wahn und die Träume in W. Jensens Gradiva", 1907, or in translation: "Delusion and Dream in W. Jensen's 'Gradiva'"), a unique example of his psychoanalysing a fictional character. Freud interpreted Hanhold's fetish as being a substitution for unresolved feelings for his childhood playmate, Zoe Bertgang.
Freud owned a copy of this relief, which he joyfully beheld in the Vatican Museums in 1907; it can be found on the wall of his study (the room where he died) in 20 Maresfield Gardens, London—now the Freud Museum.
Salvador Dalí used the name "Gradiva" as a nickname for his wife, Gala Dalí. He used the figure of Gradiva in a number of his paintings, including Gradiva encuentra las ruinas de Antropomorphos (Gradiva finds the ruins of Antropomorphos). The figure Gradiva was used in other Surrealist paintings as well. Gradiva (Metamorphosis of Gradiva), 1939, by Andre Masson, explores the sexual iconography of the character. Gradiva, 'the woman who walks through walls' is the muse of Surrealism.[2]
In 1937 the Surrealist writer André Breton opened an art gallery on the Left Bank, 31 rue de Seine, christening it with the title: Gradiva. Marcel Duchamp designed it, giving its door the form of a double cast shadow.
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