2024年9月24日 星期二

《列王紀》 (The Shahnameh or Shahnama, or The Book of Kings) 的作者菲爾多西( Ferdowsi, 940年—1019/1025年);簡介《列王紀選(張鴻年譯, 1991)‧魯斯塔姆 (Rostam)與蘇赫拉布(Sohrab)的故事》伊朗細密畫中的中國元素

話說伊朗
波斯史詩列王書的開頭頁,描述作者菲爾多希自己寫成這部巨作的遭遇,因為本來寫完之後,蘇丹答應菲爾多希金幣獎賞,結果官員偷偷換成銀幣,菲爾多希當時在澡堂,一氣之下把銀幣送給澡堂中所有人。

官員則向蘇丹告狀菲爾多希的行為,但隱瞞自己的貪污,蘇丹非常生氣獎賞被亂分,菲爾多希只好逃亡,直到數年之後蘇丹才發現官員中飽私囊,但可惜金幣補償來不及送到菲爾多希手上,菲爾多希就去世了。

(該圖現存於大英博物館)


《列王紀》 (The Shahnameh or Shahnama, or The Book of Kings) 的作者菲爾多西( Ferdowsi, 940年—1019/1025年);簡介《列王紀選(張鴻年譯, 1991)‧魯斯塔姆 (Rostam)與蘇赫拉布(Sohrab)的故事》  
 
https://www.facebook.com/search/top?q=hanching%20chung%20video

《列王紀》 (The Shahnameh or Shahnama, or The Book of Kings) 的各種插畫版本,分藏於歐美各大學圖書館、博物館、藏書家等,它們多有論文。插圖的data base,英國有,待查。

******原著者:

菲爾多西( Ferdowsi, 940年—1019/1025年),Wikipedia 的解釋

廣受尊重的波斯詩人。他最重要的作品是民族史詩列王紀》。

生平[編輯]

菲爾多西在935年生於大呼羅珊(今伊朗呼羅珊省一部分)近圖斯的一個村落。其家族屬于波斯前伊斯蘭時期就存在的地方貴族德干[2]他父親是個富裕的地主,菲爾多西是個虔誠的穆斯林[3][4],他花了超過35年的心血創作《列王紀》。《列王紀》原本是用作獻給在阿拉伯人於公元7世紀入侵後,把波斯文化傳統復興的薩曼王朝王公的。

日文版 Wiki
 
なお、「フェルドウス」 (Ferdows) とは古代ペルシャ語に起源する「パラダイス」の中世ペルシャ語および近世ペルシャ語形で、パラダイス同様「楽園天国」の意味である。
英文版 Wiki 有張大英博物館藏的畫,他與三位詩人的聚會:


Ferdowsi and the three Ghaznavid court poets

《大英百科全書》英文本中的 Ferdowsi 條目,以及
《列王紀選》(張鴻年譯, 1991)中的《譯本序》,都也很可參考。

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《列王紀》 (The Shahnameh or Shahnama, or The Book of Kings)的文化史簡介,可參考BBC的文章:


https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20180810-the-book-of-kings-the-book-that-defines-iranians

The Shahnameh is a compendium of indigenous, pre-Islamic myths, legends and historical episodes (Credit: Alamy)

The Shahnameh is a compendium of indigenous, pre-Islamic myths, legends and historical episodes (Credit: Alamy)





The Shahnameh’s hero Rostam battles with demons, rescues kings and undergoes seven trials (Credit: Alamy)

The Shahnameh’s hero Rostam battles with demons, rescues kings and undergoes seven trials (Credit: Alamy)



Despite being unknown in his lifetime, the poet Ferdowsi is now one of the most celebrated writers in Iran – this tomb complex was built in his honour in Tus (Credit: Alamy)

Despite being unknown in his lifetime, the poet Ferdowsi is now one of the most celebrated writers in Iran – this tomb complex was built in his honour in Tus (Credit: Alamy)




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《列王紀選》(張鴻年譯, 1991)主要是選其中的"四大悲劇",參考該書的目錄。


《列王紀選》

作者:菲爾多西.
譯者:張鴻年.

出版北京: 人民文學. 1991/台北:光復書局
譯本的名詞與通行英語的發音不同,《列王紀選》直接翻譯自波斯文。
魯斯塔姆 (Rostam)與蘇赫拉布(Sohrab)的故事》,《列王紀選》頁 156~291,

我們三言兩語帶過:


The tragedy of Sohrab (BBC)

Rostam was unaware that he had a son, Sohrab, by Princess Tahmina. He had not seen the Princess for many years. After years without any real knowledge of one another, Rostam and Sohrab faced each other in battle, fighting on opposing sides. Rostam did not recognise his own son, although Sohrab had suspicions that Rostam may be his father.

They fought in single combat and Rostam wrestled Sohrab to the ground, stabbing him fatally. As he lay dying, Sohrab recalled how his love for his father – the mighty Rostam - had brought him there in the first place. Rostam, to his horror, realised the truth. He saw his own arm bracelet on Sohrab, which he had given to Tahmina many years before and which Tahmina had given to Sohrab before the battle, in the hope that it might protect him.

But he realised the truth too late. He had killed his own son, ‘the person who was dearer to him than all others’. This is one of the most tragic episodes of the Shahname.


****紐約時報

Khaled Hosseini: By the Book

  June 18, 2013
你童年時喜歡哪個文學人物或主人公?
菲爾多西(Ferdowsi)在11世紀寫的《國王之書》 (Shahnameh, or The Book of Kings)中偉大的悲劇武士索拉博(Sohrab)。那本書是波斯語經典詩歌皇冠上的一顆明珠。索拉博是偉大的武士魯斯塔姆(Rostam)的兒子,不 過兩人從未謀面。索拉博帶領軍隊出發,想給父親帶來榮耀,為父親贏得王位,但是戰鬥中的對手其實是他的父親。在故事的最後一幕,魯斯塔姆得知他親手刺成重 傷的人竟是自己的兒子,他抱住了奄奄一息的索拉博,那一幕給人的情感震撼真是無可比擬的。

Do you have a favorite childhood literary character or hero? 

The tragic Sohrab, the great warrior from Ferdowsi’s 11th-century “Shahnameh” (“The Book of Kings”), one of the crown jewels of classic Persian poetry. Sohrab is the son of the great warrior Rostam, though the two have never met. Sohrab sets out with an army to bring glory to his father and win him the crown, only to come face to face with him in battle. The last scene of that particular story, Rostam holding Sohrab’s dying body, moments after he has learned the true identity of the man he has mortally wounded with his own sword, is unparalleled in the emotional wallop it packs. 

Khaled Hosseini: By the Book

June 18, 2013

《列王紀選魯斯塔姆與蘇赫拉布的故事》

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