― from "The Adventures of Huck Finn" by Mark Twain
LIGHT OUT
North American informal Depart hurriedly:he lit out for California to ‘find’ himself
"Tom appeared on the sidewalk with a bucket of whitewash and a long-handled brush. He surveyed the fence, and all gladness left him and a deep melancholy settled down upon his spirit. Thirty yards of board fence nine feet high. Life to him seemed hollow, and existence but a burden."
--from "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer" (1876) by Mark Twain
--from "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer" (1876) by Mark Twain
Along with Blake and Dickens, Mark Twain was one of the nineteenth century’s greatest chroniclers of childhood. These two novels reveal different aspects of his genius: Tom Sawyer is a much-loved story about the sheer pleasure of being a boy; Huckleberry Finn, the book Hemingway said was the source of all the American fiction that followed it, is both a hilarious account of an incorrigible truant and a tremendous parable of innocence in conflict with the fallen adult world.
(224) 生或死
看到Peter Drucker (1909 - 2005) ，想到的不是"百年紀念"，而是2005年"我們"跟他有關的回憶。
----Mark Twain
- Born: 30 November 1835
- Birthplace: Florida, Missouri
- Died: 21 April 1910 (heart failure)
- Best Known As: The author of Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn
讀書共和國
海倫•凱勒：「誰會不喜歡他呢？即使是上帝，亦會鍾愛他，賦予其智慧，並於其心靈裡繪畫出一道愛與信仰的彩虹。」
哪一位作家擁有如此廣大魅力？
山繆．朗霍．克列門斯，筆名馬克.吐溫（Mark Twain, 1835－1910），美國十九世紀著名的幽默文學作家，「馬克吐溫」（mark twain）原是行船的專用術語，意為「水深兩噚」，是輪船安全航行的必要條件。
他的代表作之一《湯姆歷險記》，就是以他的童年的玩伴和真實經歷所寫下的作品。其中，湯姆是他三位兒時夥伴的集合體，哈克則是真有其人。吐溫希望孩子能從這本書中得到樂趣，也鼓勵成年人可以藉由這本書回憶兒時。
「《湯姆歷險記》雖然是少年小說，風格和內容卻都不同於當代著重教化勵志的其他少年讀物，例如《小婦人》和較晚的《小公主》。
湯姆不是什麼模範學生或孝悌楷模，卻也因此更貼近一般讀者，而這本書的幽默也來自他的調皮機靈。例如他為了引起大人和女生的注意，花招百出卻往往弄巧成拙；呼朋引伴跑到無人島去當海盜，驚動全村搜索救援，最後居然在自己的喪禮上現身。這些都是讓師長又好氣又好笑，讓同儕躍躍欲試的典型孩童行為。至於最有名的粉刷圍籬的故事，湯姆洞悉人性矛盾，把工作變成玩樂，成年讀者的感受又會比年輕讀者深刻，這也是人生不同階段閱讀吐溫的樂趣。」
－摘自《經典圖像小說：湯姆歷險記》
－摘自《經典圖像小說：湯姆歷險記》
1835年11月30日，馬克吐溫生於美國密蘇裡州佛羅裡達。
Twain was born and died in years in which Halley's Comet passed by Earth: 1835 and 1910... His pseudonym, Mark Twain, was taken from Mississippi riverboat terminology; it's a measure of depth... Twain married the former Olivia Langdon in 1870 ; she died in 1904, and the melancholy tone of Twain's later writings is often attributed to his depression over her death.
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Mark Twain's life—one of the richest and raciest America has known—is delightfully portrayed in this mosaic of words and more than 600 pictures that capture the career of one of America's most colorful personalities. The words are Twain's own, taken from his writings— not only the autobiography but also his letters, notebooks, newspaper reporting, sketches, travel pieces, and fiction. The illustrations provide the perfect counterpoint to Twain's text. Presented in the hundreds of photos, prints, drawings, cartoons, and paintings is Twain himself , from the apprentice in his printer's cap to the dying world-famous figure finishing his last voyage in a wheelchair. Mark Twain Himself: A Pictorial Biography will not only inform and entertain the casual reader but will provide a valuable resource to scholars and teachers of Twain as well.
About the Author
Milton Meltzer has written a great many books for both children and adults, including Dorothea Lange: A Photographer's Life and Carl Sandburg: A Biography. He now resides in New York City.
《馬克‧吐溫 自傳》 Autobiography of Mark Twain，杭州：浙江文藝 2011
1924 Autobiography . Employing a self-described "methodless method," Twain had begun dictating his memoir to Albert Bigelow Paine in 1906 from a set of notes, recording whatever came to his mind at the moment. The result is an unsystematic , though entertaining and often instructive, collection of anecdotes, with the degree of invention the source of subsequent critical debate.
Autobiography of Mark Twain or Mark Twain's Autobiography refers to a lengthy set of reminiscences, dictated, for the most part, in the last few years of American author Mark Twain 's life and left in typescript and manuscript at his death. The Autobiography comprises a rambling collection of anecdotes and ruminations rather than a conventional autobiography .
Volume 1
The first volume of a three-volume edition of the complete text was published in November 2010, the 100th anniversary year of Twain's death, edited by the The Mark Twain Project of The Bancroft Library at University of California, Berkeley and published by University of California Press . [1] [2] [3]
Twain-scripted Contents
Previous publication
Twain himself had published 'Chapters from My Autobiography' in twenty-five installments in the North American Review in 1906-7. [17] Since Twain's death in 1910, a number of different editors have made attempts to impose some order on the whole of the material by selection and reorganization, producing several decidedly different published versions of The Autobiography . The first of these was published in 1924 by Harper & Brothers Publishers.
Twain's own attempt
Twain first started to compose an autobiography in 1870, but proceeded fitfully, abandoning the work and returning to it as the mood took him. In a 1904 letter to William Dean Howells, he wrote: “I've struck it! And I will give it away—to you. You will never know how much enjoyment you have lost until you get to dictating your autobiography.” [18] By 1904 Twain had embarked on what he called his “Final (and Right) Plan” for telling the story of his life. However, after 1907 he again seems to have let the book languish; in 1908-9 he hardly added to it at all, and he declared the project concluded in 1909, after the death of his youngest daughter Jean. His innovative notion — to “talk only about the thing which interests you for the moment” — meant that his thoughts could range freely. Twain thought his autobiography would be most entertaining if he went off on whims and tangents in non-sequential order.
Twain outlined a plan in 1899 for an autobiographical work which was to be published (according to different accounts of the episode) either "100 years from now" or "100 years after his death." A manuscript note in the Mark Twain Papers (UC Berkeley) indicates a 100-year ban was what he was contemplating. Twain did produce a preface 'From the Grave' claiming that the book would not be published until after his death, which allowed him to speak with his "whole frank mind."
The manuscript and typescript materials of the Autobiography are in the Mark Twain Papers at The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.
Early editions
The first edition of the Autobiography was published by Twain's personal friend and literary executor Albert Bigelow Paine , and consisted of twenty-two fragments presented in the order Twain composed them, including the first four months (January-April 1906) of the Autobiographical Dictations. The edition received rather poor reviews. In 1940, editor and historian Bernard DeVoto published another selection in Mark Twain in Eruption , arranged by topic and heavily edited. Charles Neider rejected both Paine's and DeVoto's approaches and rearranged the material to match the chronology of a standard autobiography. In spite of these previous efforts, around half of the Mark Twain Project text will be seeing publication for the first time.
References
External links
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文化人生| 2010.04.24
馬克·吐溫的德國遊記
浪跡海德堡
馬克·吐溫的第二次歐洲之行歷時一年半，他的大部分時間在德國度過。從漢堡出發，他前往德國南部。在這裡他停留的時間最長，僅在海德堡就有三個月之久。他與家人住在地勢頗高的一家旅館，可以俯視內卡河與萊茵河的交匯處。每天，他都從旅館出發，去一處地勢更高的地點寫作。他的遊記《浪跡海外》中，大部分內容都與海德堡及周邊地區有關。Bildunterschrift: Großansicht des Bildes mit der Bildunterschrift:
風景如畫的海德堡
克里斯蒂娜·凱默（Christina Kemmer)是海德堡"追隨馬克·吐溫的足跡"這個旅行線路的四位導遊之一。她介紹說："他滿懷愛意地描繪這座城市。他當時住在宮殿旅館裡，入住首夜， 他聽到水聲，以為是雨聲。原來是內卡河。他看到鐵路沿線的燈光，把它形容為降落於塵世的銀河。"
“有天賦的人需30年方能掌握德語”
這一旅行線路尤其受到美國遊客的青睞。馬克·吐溫的《浪跡海外》一書充滿詼諧與諷刺。他描述大學生的慵懶，報紙的空洞，萊茵河岸所產葡萄酒的乏味，還有曼海姆歌劇院的嘶喊。而他對德語這一語言的諷刺則廣泛流傳。導遊凱默對此瞭如指掌：
"馬克·吐溫說，這個民族自稱是詩人與思想家的民族，可是連自己的語言都沒打理好。比如，'我的好朋友'，就有多種人稱格式的變化。而同樣是女性， 如果說eine Frau,是陰性，而如果是das Weib，又成了中性。所以，馬克·吐溫說，一天夜裡，有一個人牙痛難忍，無法入眠。於是，那個晚上他就創造出德語這門語言。"
馬克·吐溫的諷刺當然不僅僅針對德國人，他也常常拿自己的國人開玩笑。無論如何，馬克·吐溫是一位非常專注、細緻的觀察者。他發現德國當時的教育水平較高，也描述孩童在河中赤身嬉戲的圖景。他還將許多傳說從德語翻譯成英語。儘管他曾斷言，有天賦的人也需30年時光方能掌握德語，因此德語急須修改。但無論如何對馬克·吐溫本人而言，德語並沒有那麼令人畏懼。他在亡妻的墓碑上用德語寫道：“願上帝憐憫你，我摯愛的人。"
作者：Martina Senghas/李魚
責編：石濤
2011
The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
Why has 'Huckleberry Finn' been on so many banned books lists? The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn has made it to many lists of books that should be banned because readers (and many people who never bothered to read it) deemed it indecent and racist. Yet, even with its frequent place on the lists of America's most challenged books, it has become a classic. Written by Mark Twain , Huckleberry Finn was published on December 10, 1884, in Canada and England and on this date in 1885, in the US. Although many thought that Twain's depiction of the runaway slave, Jim , was demeaning and racist, the story was meant to show the hypocrisy of American society in its views of slaves and African Americans. The story follows Huck and Jim — both runaways — as they travel down the Mississippi River , with Huck slowly changing his views about blacks and working to help Jim to freedom.
Quote:
馬克·吐溫的第二次歐洲之行歷時一年半，他的大部分時間在德國度過。從漢堡出發，他前往德國南部。在這裡他停留的時間最長，僅在海德堡就有三個月之久。他與家人住在地勢頗高的一家旅館，可以俯視內卡河與萊茵河的交匯處。每天，他都從旅館出發，去一處地勢更高的地點寫作。他的遊記《浪跡海外》中，大部分內容都與海德堡及周邊地區有關。Bildunterschrift: Großansicht des Bildes mit der Bildunterschrift:
風景如畫的海德堡克里斯蒂娜·凱默（Christina Kemmer)是海德堡"追隨馬克·吐溫的足跡"這個旅行線路的四位導遊之一。她介紹說："他滿懷愛意地描繪這座城市。他當時住在宮殿旅館裡，入住首夜， 他聽到水聲，以為是雨聲。原來是內卡河。他看到鐵路沿線的燈光，把它形容為降落於塵世的銀河。"
“有天賦的人需30年方能掌握德語”
這一旅行線路尤其受到美國遊客的青睞。馬克·吐溫的《浪跡海外》一書充滿詼諧與諷刺。他描述大學生的慵懶，報紙的空洞，萊茵河岸所產葡萄酒的乏味，還有曼海姆歌劇院的嘶喊。而他對德語這一語言的諷刺則廣泛流傳。導遊凱默對此瞭如指掌：
"馬克·吐溫說，這個民族自稱是詩人與思想家的民族，可是連自己的語言都沒打理好。比如，'我的好朋友'，就有多種人稱格式的變化。而同樣是女性， 如果說eine Frau,是陰性，而如果是das Weib，又成了中性。所以，馬克·吐溫說，一天夜裡，有一個人牙痛難忍，無法入眠。於是，那個晚上他就創造出德語這門語言。"
馬克·吐溫的諷刺當然不僅僅針對德國人，他也常常拿自己的國人開玩笑。無論如何，馬克·吐溫是一位非常專注、細緻的觀察者。他發現德國當時的教育水平較高，也描述孩童在河中赤身嬉戲的圖景。他還將許多傳說從德語翻譯成英語。儘管他曾斷言，有天賦的人也需30年時光方能掌握德語，因此德語急須修改。但無論如何對馬克·吐溫本人而言，德語並沒有那麼令人畏懼。他在亡妻的墓碑上用德語寫道：“願上帝憐憫你，我摯愛的人。"
作者：Martina Senghas/李魚
責編：石濤
2011
 |
Why has 'Huckleberry Finn' been on so many banned books lists? The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn has made it to many lists of books that should be banned because readers (and many people who never bothered to read it) deemed it indecent and racist. Yet, even with its frequent place on the lists of America's most challenged books, it has become a classic. Written by Mark Twain , Huckleberry Finn was published on December 10, 1884, in Canada and England and on this date in 1885, in the US. Although many thought that Twain's depiction of the runaway slave, Jim , was demeaning and racist, the story was meant to show the hypocrisy of American society in its views of slaves and African Americans. The story follows Huck and Jim — both runaways — as they travel down the Mississippi River , with Huck slowly changing his views about blacks and working to help Jim to freedom.
"All modern American literature comes from one book by Mark Twain called Huckleberry Finn ... All American writing comes from that. There was nothing before. There has been nothing as good since."— Ernest Hemingway
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