Carl Maria Weber

韦伯,米歇尔·莱纳特著,出版社:人民音乐出版社,2004

Carl Maria von Weber - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Maria_von_Weber

Carl Maria Friedrich Ernst von Weber was a German composer, conductor, pianist, guitarist and critic, one of the first significant composers of the Romantic ...

Later career 1810–1826[edit]

In 1810, Weber visited several cities throughout Germany; from 1813 to 1816 he was director of the Opera in Prague; from 1816 to 1817 he worked in Berlin, and from 1817 onwards he was director of the prestigious Opera in Dresden, working hard to establish a German opera, in reaction to the Italian opera which had dominated the European music scene since the 18th century. On 4 November 1817, he married Caroline Brandt, a singer who created the title role of Silvana.^[3] In 1819, he wrote perhaps his most famous piano piece,Invitation to the Dance.

The successful premiere of Der Freischütz on 18 June 1821 in Berlin led to performances all over Europe. On the very morning of the premiere, Weber finished his Konzertstück in F minor for Piano and Orchestra, and he premiered it a week later.

The grave of Carl Maria von Weber, Old Catholic Cemetery, Dresden

In 1823, Weber composed the opera Euryanthe to a mediocre libretto, but containing much rich music, the overture of which in particular anticipates Richard Wagner. In 1824, Weber received an invitation from The Royal Opera, London, to compose and produce Oberon, based onChristoph Martin Wieland's poem of the same name. Weber accepted the invitation, and in 1826 he travelled to England, to finish the work and conduct the premiere on 12 April.

Weber was already suffering from tuberculosis when he visited London. He died of the disease whilst at the house of Sir George Smart during the night of 4/5 June 1826.^[3] Weber was 39 years old. He was initially buried in London, but 18 years later his remains were transferred to the family burial plot in the Old Catholic Cemetery (Alten Katholischen Friedhof) in west Dresden. The simple gravestone was designed by Gottfried Semper and lies against the northern boundary wall. The eulogy at the reburial was performed by Richard Wagner.

His unfinished opera Die drei Pintos (The Three Pintos) was originally given by Weber's widow toGiacomo Meyerbeer for completion; it was eventually completed by Gustav Mahler, who conducted the first performance in this form in Leipzig on 20 January 1888.

卡爾·馬利亞·弗里德里希·恩斯特·馮·韋伯（德語：Carl Maria Friedrich Ernst von Weber，1786年11月18日或19日－1826年6月5日），德國作曲家。

韋伯從小接受良好的音樂薰陶，母親是一名歌手，父親是巡迴劇團的經理，他隨父親在各地旅行的時候積累了豐富的生活經驗並接觸到繁多的民間音樂，這成為他後來所創作的民族主義題材歌劇的源泉。10歲時跟隨海頓的弟弟米夏埃爾學習作曲，1798年去慕尼黑深造，之後定居維也納。從1804年開始，先後在布雷斯勞、布拉格和德雷斯頓等地擔任指揮。1824年為英國皇家歌劇院寫作《奧伯龍》，兩年後首演時作曲家親往倫敦指揮，但經過長途的勞累他的身體情況惡化，於首演兩個月後因肺病客死異鄉。

1820年的《魔彈射手》（《自由射手》）是他最成功的歌劇，取材於阿培爾（Johann August Apel）的小說，被認為是德國第一部浪漫主義歌劇。另外還有1823年的《歐麗安特》，這部歌劇中沒有口白，音樂持續不斷，雖然腳本比較晦澀，但完全地複製出中世紀騎士社會的氣氛。

韋伯十分鍾愛鋼琴的音色，因此寫作了許多優美的鋼琴曲，其中要數1819年獻給其妻子的鋼琴獨奏曲《邀舞》最為出色。這支曲子描繪的是在舞會上，一位紳士彬彬有禮地邀請一位害羞的淑女共舞，小姐拒絕了，男子更加懇切地相邀，小姐紅著臉將手遞給男子，兩人步入舞池，他們隨著優美的圓舞曲翩翩起舞，一邊親切地交談著，曲終人散時，男子向小姐致謝，帶她走出舞池。

韋伯的堂姐康斯坦斯·韋伯是莫扎特的妻子。