醫學恩仇錄：醫學史上的十大爭端 Great Feuds in Medicine: Ten of the Liveliest Disputes Ever (2002)

這本《 醫學恩仇錄：醫學史上的十大爭端》(2011/2015) Great Feuds in Medicine: Ten of the Liveliest Disputes Ever (2002)雖然是科普類的書，然而，參考資料的蒐集，頗具功夫。譬如說，第七章〈佛洛伊德對摩爾、布洛伊爾、榮格及其他許多人：精神分析〉，從浩瀚的資料海中，理出最新的資料，很可參考。

賈士蘅先生的"參考資料/書目"的 翻譯，很值得討論、觀摩。這是另外一主題啦！



醫學恩仇錄：醫學史上的十大爭端


系列名：博雅文庫
ISBN13：9789571182834
出版社： 五南圖書出版有限公司
作者：哈爾‧赫爾曼
譯者：賈士蘅
裝訂／頁數：平裝／352頁
版次：1/2
規格：20.5cm*14.7cm*2cm (高/寬/厚)
出版日：2011/2015

本書簡介涉及人類健康之爭，在醫學界尤其可以十分邪惡。
沙賓曾刻薄的評論沙克，認為一般人也可以走進廚房去做他所做的事。
為避免產褥熱的高死亡率，主張醫生要先洗手的塞麥爾維斯，最後卻死於精神病院。
發現新方法或新藥物十分可貴，既可得名又能得利，但爭執、妒忌、怨恨、仇恨、破壞和誹謗，也隨之而生。

哈維如何矯正通行了一千四百年之久的血液循環系統理論？
首先發現愛滋病濾過性病毒的是蓋洛還是蒙塔尼耶？
沙賓和沙克在小兒麻痺症疫苗的發明如何一分高下？
從青蛙腿推演而來的「動物電」理論最終導致伽凡尼和伏特的激烈鬥爭？
沒有女科學家富蘭克林，威爾金斯三人就不會發現去氧核糖核酸的結構？

　　由十七世紀的解剖學家哈維到二十世紀的佛洛伊德，無數的研究人員、醫師、和科學家，在他們的貢獻被承認及接受之前，皆曾經歷批評、忌妒、競爭及對抗，以致事業及人生遭受摧殘。與我們認知不同的是，即使在醫學上，爭執仍無法從純粹合理和科學的觀點來處理，宗教、國籍、社會地位及個人的驕傲、貪婪、和野心等，都在爭論中有重大作用。
　　潛藏在百年來無數起爭論下的啟示是，那些相左的意見、衝突的資料數據、分歧的評論及個人的爭鬥，正是導致醫學知識開展及進步的重要推力。無庸置疑的是，醫學研究長久以來既為有組織的活動，也是全人類的事業。

本書特色完整的介紹了醫學歷史上的這些富戲劇性質的個案，有助於我們了解醫學研究界的猶豫、混亂、但不失美妙。

• 本書簡介涉及人類健康之爭，在醫學界尤其可以十分邪惡。
  沙賓曾刻薄的評論沙克，認為一般人也可以走進廚房去做他所做的事。
  為避免產褥熱的高死亡率，主張醫生要先洗手的塞麥爾維斯，最後卻死於精神病院。
  發現新方法或新藥物十分可貴，既可得名又能得利，但爭執、妒忌、怨恨、仇恨、破壞和誹謗，也隨之而生。

  哈維如何矯正通行了一千四百年之久的血液循環系統理論？
  首先發現愛滋病濾過性病毒的是蓋洛還是蒙塔尼耶？
  沙賓和沙克在小兒麻痺症疫苗的發明如何一分高下？
  從青蛙腿推演而來的「動物電」理論最終導致伽凡尼和伏特的激烈鬥爭？
  沒有女科學家富蘭克林，威爾金斯三人就不會發現去氧核糖核酸的結構？

  　　由十七世紀的解剖學家哈維到二十世紀的佛洛伊德，無數的研究人員、醫師、和科學家，在他們的貢獻被承認及接受之前，皆曾經歷批評、忌妒、競爭及對抗，以致事業及人生遭受摧殘。與我們認知不同的是，即使在醫學上，爭執仍無法從純粹合理和科學的觀點來處理，宗教、國籍、社會地位及個人的驕傲、貪婪、和野心等，都在爭論中有重大作用。
  　　潛藏在百年來無數起爭論下的啟示是，那些相左的意見、衝突的資料數據、分歧的評論及個人的爭鬥，正是導致醫學知識開展及進步的重要推力。無庸置疑的是，醫學研究長久以來既為有組織的活動，也是全人類的事業。

  本書特色完整的介紹了醫學歷史上的這些富戲劇性質的個案，有助於我們了解醫學研究界的猶豫、混亂、但不失美妙。
• 作者簡介哈爾．赫爾曼（Hal Hellman），著有《數學恩仇錄》、《科學恩仇錄》、《科技恩仇錄》，以及包括《未來世界》在內的六本套書，共計有二十七本通俗科學著作。這些書都由威立父子出版公司出版。他還在眾多媒體上發表過文章，如《紐約時報》、《萬國雜誌》、《讀者文摘》、《今日心理學》和《地理學雜誌》等。
  
  譯者簡介賈士蘅
  賈士蘅，國立台灣大學歷史系學士、考古人類學系碩士，美國哈佛大學人類學系博士班肄業、威斯康辛大學東方語文系博士班肄業。曾任中央研究院歷史語言研究所、美國丹佛市美術博物館研究員，從事中譯英及英譯中工作達二十餘年。譯有《英國史》、《美國史》、《英國社會史》、《殖民時代的美國》、《西方思想史》、《羅馬帝國》、《躍升中的四小龍》、《帝國的年代》、《歐洲與沒有歷史的人》、《英國工人階級的形成》、《達文西廚房》、《你所不知道的工業革命》、《科技恩仇錄》等書。
• 書評◆本書記載了醫學歷史上十項最激烈的爭議和競爭，敘事引人入勝。其細節尤其娓娓道來，讀之令人悅目賞心。──《紐約時報》

  ◆這本精彩的著作乃以紮實的研究工作為基礎。任何對人類的天性和進步有興趣的讀者，都會喜歡一讀。──《美國科學家》

  ◆完整的介紹了醫學歷史。──《科克斯書評》

  ◆富刺激性。──《美國醫學會學報》
  
  ※書籍推薦人郭文華副教授（國立陽明大學科技與社會研究所／公共衛生研究所）
  ※推薦文雖然書名聳動，《醫學恩仇錄》絕不是「向白色巨塔宣戰」的爆料書，也不是「醫史外傳」。作者消化近年醫學史、性別與科學，甚至是科技與社會研究的概念與成果，從身體構造的探索、生理現象的解讀、精神狀態的解析，到病原體的發現與疫苗防治等精采案例，審視醫學擺盪在實證知識與臨床實踐之間，歷史發展的複雜性。對於將醫學視為直線性的進步，或者輕易將她與科學劃上等號的讀者來說，《醫學恩仇錄》提供了還原歷史現場，反省過去的解釋空間。而她更是一本生動的教戰手冊，對有志生醫者揭示從古至今醫學的多元與爭議，開啟未來發展的視野與挑戰，值得人手一冊，細細品玩。

  ──郭文華副教授，國立陽明大學科技與社會研究所／公共衛生研究所
• 目次
  謝誌
  緒論
  第一章　哈維對普林若斯、李奧蘭、和解剖學者：
  　　　　血液循環
  第二章　伽凡尼對伏特：
  　　　　動物電
  第三章　塞麥爾維斯對維也納的醫學界：
  　　　　產褥熱
  第四章　貝納爾對化學家、醫師和反對活體實驗的人：
  　　　　實驗醫學
  第五章　巴斯德對李比希、鮑其特和科赫：
  　　　　發酵、自然發生說和細菌理論
  第六章　高爾基對雷蒙．伊．卡哈爾：
  　　　　神經網絡
  第七章　佛洛伊德對摩爾、布洛伊爾、榮格及其他許多人：
  　　　　精神分析
  第八章　沙賓對沙克：
  　　　　小兒麻痺症疫苗
  第九章　富蘭克林對威爾金斯：
  　　　　去氧核糖核酸的結構
  第十章　蓋洛對蒙塔尼耶：
  　　　　愛滋病之戰
  尾聲
  註釋
  參考書目
  中外文對照表
• 
  
• 
  

*****

An exciting, well-researched work, which should appeal to anyone with an interest in the nature and progress of the human race.—American Scientist

The cataclysmic clash of medical ideas and personalities comes to colorful life

Great Feuds in Medicine: Ten of the Liveliest Disputes Ever 1st Edition

by Hal Hellman  (Author)

• Hardcover: 252 pages
• Publisher: Wiley; 1 edition (February 1, 2002)

From The New England Journal of Medicine

Inundated by medical journals, surrounded by news media with health and science reporters, bombarded with invitations to conferences, and ensnared in the World Wide Web, physicians and the public have come to expect medical discoveries and breakthroughs to appear constantly and to be incorporated instantly into clinical practice or further research. Hal Hellman, a writer of popular science, has provided a valuable service in his new book, Great Feuds in Medicine, revealing how difficult it can be to create and disseminate innovative medical information. Hellman has assembled 10 chapters in medical history, a series of contentious cases with ``some special drama or scientific interest'' to highlight the ``human enterprise'' of medical discovery. His stories cover a broad span of time, from the work of Harvey in the early 1600s to research on the human immunodeficiency virus in the 1980s, and an equally wide range of disciplines, including physiology, microbiology, neuroscience, psychiatry, and molecular biology. Most chapters tackle pivotal moments in medical thinking, when dramatic ideas or experiments transformed the field. After each such moment followed a time of discontent and upheaval, when challenges arose and information was dispersed, before the paradigm shifts and discoveries were accepted with broad consensus.

Collectively, the vignettes illustrate the personal perils of being an explorer; medical researchers who aspire to greatness ought to have a thick skin. Before ascending to the pantheon of medicine, most of these heroes had to suffer through bitter attacks on their work and their character. Pasteur, Freud, Harvey, Bernard, Salk, Semmelweis -- each was prey to criticism, envy, competition, resistance, and dismissal before, with the passage of time, their contributions were accepted and acknowledged. The scientific process is revealed to be less pure and pristine than many imagine. Nationalist bias, professional entrenchment, institutional bureaucracy, religious sentiments, and cultural tradition all influence the development and adoption of medical knowledge, and thus have an impact at least as important as the scientific method itself.

This is medical history as personal rivalry; hence, the feuds. Hellman relishes the anecdote, the off-hand comment, and the individual foible that make real people of these legendary heroes. Vanity, competitiveness, self-doubt, jealousy -- all these human frailties appear in great abundance. In some instances, this approach clearly enriches our understanding of seminal physicians, yielding insight into their ambition and brilliance. It is enlightening to be reminded that the acceptance or rejection of medical ideas frequently hinges on the personality of the individual researcher and on that of his or her competitors. The showmanship of medical discovery -- the ability to illustrate a point dramatically in public ceremony -- emerges as a lost art. Certain figures, such as Pasteur and Freud, prove so compelling that the controversy surrounding their discoveries extends into the historical assessment of their lives. Hellman notes how the feuds ignited by these men turned into battles among their various biographers and historians.

How do differing opinions, conflicting data, disparate observations, contrasting philosophies, personal rivalries, and pointed conjecture influence the growth of medical knowledge? This is the unspoken question underlying Hellman's book, and it is a critical one for understanding the way in which science and clinical practice evolve. The resolution of medical disputes is a fascinating and important process, and as Hellman shows, it is often governed by much more than cold, hard facts or data. Hellman provides interesting anecdotes that will capture the attention of a lay audience and build appreciation for human interaction in medical discovery. However, his method falls short of explaining how medicine changes over time, and his reliance on secondary sources means that there is little new information. The narration lacks the richness and depth favored by professional historians of medicine. Those seeking an introduction to the history of medicine will find the chapters readable and free of technical jargon. Yet the disputes Hellman chooses seem oddly petty -- personal but not intellectual -- and surprisingly devoid of the compelling drama created by real tensions in the scientific community. In relying on short case studies, Hellman misses an opportunity for tackling the broader meaning of dispute and debate as part of the scientific and medical process.

The word ``feud'' connotes a bitter, festering, long-standing, and somewhat irrational quarrel -- an argument for the sake of an argument. In the long and colorful history of medicine, there have undoubtedly been many feuds. Some persist to this day. Great Feuds in Medicine serves up some of the most exciting disputes. These stories make for fascinating, if not entirely satisfying, reading.

Harold J. Burstein, M.D., Ph.D. 
Copyright © 2001 Massachusetts Medical Society. All rights reserved. The New England Journal of Medicine is a registered trademark of the MMS.