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According to Kipling in his autobiography Something of Myself, posthumously published in 1937, the poem was inspired by Dr. Leander Starr Jameson, who in 1895 led a raid by British forces against the Boers in South Africa, subsequently called the Jameson Raid.[7] This defeat increased the tensions that ultimately led to the Second Boer War. The British press, however, portrayed Jameson as a hero in the middle of the disaster, and the actual defeat as a British victory.
The well-known Indian historian and writer Khushwant Singh claims that Kipling's If is "the essence of the message of The Gita in English.".[8] The text Singh refers to is the Bhagavad Gita, the ancient Indian scripture.
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Poem
If you can keep your head when all about youAre losing theirs and blaming it on you;
If you can trust yourself when all men doubt you,
But make allowance for their doubting too;
If you can wait and not be tired by waiting,
Or, being lied about, don't deal in lies,
Or, being hated, don't give way to hating,
And yet don't look too good, nor talk too wise;
If you can dream – and not make dreams your master;
If you can think – and not make thoughts your aim;
If you can meet with triumph and disaster
And treat those two imposters just the same;
If you can bear to hear the truth you've spoken
Twisted by knaves to make a trap for fools,
Or watch the things you gave your life to broken,
And stoop and build 'em up with wornout tools;
If you can make one heap of all your winnings
And risk it on one turn of pitch-and-toss,
And lose, and start again at your beginnings
And never breathe a word about your loss;
If you can force your heart and nerve and sinew
To serve your turn long after they are gone,
And so hold on when there is nothing in you
Except the Will which says to them: "Hold on";
If you can talk with crowds and keep your virtue,
Or walk with kings – nor lose the common touch;
If neither foes nor loving friends can hurt you;
If all men count with you, but none too much;
If you can fill the unforgiving minute
With sixty seconds' worth of distance run –
Yours is the Earth and everything that's in it,
And – which is more – you'll be a Man my son!
Reaction
Kipling himself noted in Something of Myself that the poem had been "printed as cards to hang up in offices and bedrooms; illuminated text-wise and anthologized to weariness".[9]T. S. Eliot in his essays on Kipling's work describes Kipling's verse as "great verse" that sometimes unintentionally changes into poetry. George Orwell—an ambivalent admirer of Kipling's work who hated the poet's politics—compared people who only knew "If—" "and some of his more sententious poems", to Colonel Blimp.[10]
Translations
"If—" has been translated into many languages. One worthy of note is a translation into Burmese language, the mother tongue of the country where the city of another of Kipling's masterpieces, "Mandalay", is located. It was translated by Nobel Peace Prize winner, Aung San Suu Kyi. Another Nobel laureate to translate "If—" was Yugoslav writer Ivo Andrić.Some translations are:
- Në munç, into Albanian by Fan S. Noli
- A Kae Ywaet (အကယ်၍), into Burmese by Aung San Suu Kyi
- Ako… into Serbo-Croatian by Ivo Andrić
- Když, into Czech by Otokar Fischer
- Indien, into Dutch by J.M. de Vries de Waal.[11]
- Als, into Dutch by Karel Jonckheere
- Tu seras un homme, mon fils, into French by André Maurois in 1918
- Si..., into French by Jules Castier in 1949
- Wenn, into German by Izzy Cartwell[dubious – discuss]
- Αν..., into Greek by Aggelos Doxas
- Ha into Hungarian by Gábor Devecseri[12] Dezső Kosztolányi and Lőrinc Szabó.[13]
- Se, into Italian by Dario Fonti
- Si..., into Latin by unknown
- Ja, into Latvian by unknown.[14]
- Jei. into Lithuanian by Lionginas Pažūsis
- Vitanao ve?, into Malagasy by Rajaona Andriamananjara[15]
- If. into Mizo by P.L. Liandinga
- Hvis, into Norwegian by André Bjerke
- Se, into Portuguese by Guilherme de Almeida[16]
- Dacă, into Romanian, by Dan Duţescu[17]
- Заповедь, into Russian by M. Lozinsky.[18]
- Keď into Slovak by Ľubomír Feldek[19]
- Si..., into Spanish by unknown
- Si..., into Spanish by Manuel Alfonseca
- Eğer, into Turkish by Bülent Ecevit
- Nếu. into Vietnamese by Nguyễn Viết Thắng
References
- ^ Journals: Captain Scott's last expedition Oxford University Press, 2006
- ^ Emma Jones (2004) The Literary Companion Robson, 2004.
- ^ Mike Robinson (2004) Literature and tourism
- ^ Des Kelly (7th July 2008) Federer’s a winner for taking defeat like a man, my son Daily Mail Retrieved 30 November 2010
- ^ Rafael Nadal: Maître sur terre L'EQUIPE, 2008
- ^ René Stauffer The Roger Federer Story: Quest for Perfection New Chapter Press
- ^ Fordham.edu: Modern History Sourcebook
- ^ Khushwant Singh, Review of The Book of Prayer by Renuka Narayanan, 2001
- ^ etext of Something of Myself
- ^ George Orwell, Review of A Choice of Kipling's Verse, 1942
- ^ 4umi.com: Indien, Kipling translated
- ^ Tau.ac.il: Comments on Two Hungarian Translations
- ^ All three translations at Wikisource (two of them have been deleted since, on the ground that it hasn't been 70 years that the translators died: Szabó died in 1957, and Devecseri in 1971)
- ^ E-Mistika
- ^ http://worldlibrary.net/eBooks/Wordtheque/mg/AAAAAF.TXT
- ^ Folha Online 5/5/2007
- ^ Rudyard Kipling - IF / DACĂ
- ^ Lib.ru: Five Russian versions
- ^ Keď published in Pravda (line breaks are missing)
External links
 | Wikisource has original text related to this article: |
- George Horne's typographic animation of "If—" (read by Des Lynam, music by Fauré).
- Reading of "If—" in Wikimedia
- Free human-read audio recordings of "If—"
- Authentic digital editions archive of "If—" multiform editions at Dalhousie University Library, Canada - Original Author Autographed, Calligraphed/Typed Broadsides, Collector Multipage and Human Voice, Enhanced Video based Multimedia"
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