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More results from smithsonianmag.com »             History & Archaeology Absence of Malice In a new book, Historian Ronald C. White, Jr., explains why Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address, given just weeks before he died, was his greatest speech   By Ronald C. White, Jr. Smithsonian magazine, April 2002, Subscribe   President Abraham Lincoln delivering his second inauguration speech. (Library of Congress) More from Smithsonian.com The Civil War at 150 Two Hundred Years of Abraham Lincoln "For too long," says Ronald C. White, Jr., "Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address has lived under the shadow of the Gettysburg Address. And yet Lincoln thought this was his best effort." White does too. In his new book, San Francisco Theological Seminary sees the speech as key to understanding Lincoln’s greatness. White’s fascination with the 16th President was sparked at a 1993 seminar. "He was the average American, with only one year of education, a man who was really quite ugly in a certain sense—could he ever have campaigned today?—tall, awkward, gawky, clothes ill-fitting, with a tenor voice, almost a falsetto, and yet he was a huge man for his day, 6 feet 4 inches tall. Everything about him was against his being a powerful speaker. But once he began to speak, what people sensed was his integrity. He was not playing a role. And the audience of that day picked it up." More than 130 years after Lincoln’s assassination, that quality still moves people powerfully. "He had the knack of asking these simple but very profound questions. In every crisis, whether it’s September 11 or World War II, it is amazing how people return to Lincoln." By March 1865 (until 1937, Presidents were generally inaugurated in March), America had been flayed by four years of a war that had lasted longer than anyone thought it would, but whose end, at last, seemed in sight. Not since Andrew Jackson, 32 years before, had any President been elected for a second term, and, says White, "there had been no expectation of it. There had been a series of one-term Presidents with not much to commend them." Nor did those gathered to hear Lincoln that rainy day—fans and detractors, newspaper reporters, Confederate deserters, black troops, plainclothes detectives fearful that Lincoln was going to be abducted—expect the 703-word speech the President delivered. What they heard was neither a recitation of achievement nor a statement of policy, but a sermon in which, White says, "Lincoln would ask his audience to think with him about the cause and meaning of the war." In the six-minute address, Lincoln used repetition and alliteration to give his sentences a cadence White likens to poetry. Five hundred of the words are of a single syllable, "but that doesn’t mean it’s simple." An understated sentence such as "And the war came," says White, lifts the conflict from human event to something with a life of its own "independent of Presidents, generals and soldiers." Now inscribed on the limestone walls of the Lincoln Memorial, the Second Inaugural Address can be understood, White believes, as a "culmination of Lincoln’s own struggle over the meaning of America, the meaning of the war, and his own struggle with slavery." And, he adds, as a blueprint for tolerance. "Lincoln hoped that this speech was laying the groundwork for a reconstruction of compassion and reconciliation." Read more: http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history-archaeology/malice.html#ixzz2P6QsHL9e Follow us: @SmithsonianMag on Twitter 《林肯選集‧第2次就職演說 1865.3.4》 (Abraham Lincoln: LETTERS AND ADDRESSES  ) 朱曾汶譯，北京 :商務，2010，頁307-09 ***** Lincoln's Missing Bodyguard The night of the assassination, Lincoln's bodyguard snuck off to drink in the same saloon as John Wilkes Booth By Paul Martin Lincoln's Contested Legacy Great Emancipator or unreconstructed racist? Defender of civil liberties or subverter of the Constitution? Each generation evokes a different Lincoln. But who was he? By Philip B. Kunhardt III Lincoln as Commander in Chief A self-taught strategist with no combat experience, Abraham Lincoln saw the path to victory more clearly than his generals By James M. McPherson Gettysburg Address Displayed at Smithsonian Lincoln's timeless speech during the Civil War endures as a national treasure By Owen Edwards Abraham Lincoln: a Man of His Words Ted Sorensen finds that of all the U.S. presidents, Lincoln had the best speechwriter—himself By Theodore C. Sorensen The Debates that Ignited Lincoln’s Rise to Fame Abraham Lincoln's debates with Stephen A. Douglas for the U.S. Senate in 1858 turned the backwoods rail-splitter into presidential timber By Fergus M. Bordewich Letters Between Lincoln and Douglas Reveal Debate Negotiations Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas engaged in pre-debate negotiations in 1858 By Smithsonian.com A Presidential Inventor In 1849, Lincoln patented an ingenious addition to transportation technology, a floatation system for riverboats By Owen Edwards Mr. Lincoln's Washington The house where the conspirators hatched their heinous plot now serves sushi, and the yard where they were hanged is a tennis court. By Christopher Buckley Freeing the Slaves and Saving a Nation As his army faltered and his cabinet bickered, Abraham Lincoln determined that "we must free the slaves or be ourselves subdued." In 1862, he finally got his chance By Doris Kearns Goodwin Musical Mudslinging on the Campaign Trail Before TV came on the scene, presidential candidates relied on campaign songs for negative advertising By Anika Gupta In Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address, an Absence of Malice Historian Ronald C. White, Jr., explains why Lincoln's address, given just weeks before he died, was his greatest speech By Ronald C. White, Jr.