2022年3月29日 星期二

THE WILD SWANS, By hans christian andersen's "de vilde svaner" Translated by jean hersholt.

 

The Wild Swans by Hans Christian Andersen
Illustrated
Jennie Harbour (1893-1959)
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THE WILD SWANS

Far, far away where the swallows fly when we have winter, there lived a King who had eleven sons and one daughter, Elisa. The eleven brothers, Princes all, each went to school with a star at his breast and a sword at his side. They wrote with pencils of diamond upon golden slates, and could say their lesson by heart just as easily as they could read it from the book. You could tell at a glance how princely they were. Their sister, Elisa, sat on a little footstool of flawless glass. She had a picture book that had cost half a kingdom. Oh, the children had a very fine time, but it did not last forever.

Their father, who was King over the whole country, married a wicked Queen, who did not treat his poor children at all well. They found that out the very first day. There was feasting throughout the palace, and the children played at entertaining guests. But instead of letting them have all the cakes and baked apples that they used to get, their new step mother gave them only some sand in a teacup, and told them to make believe that it was a special treat.

The following week the Queen sent little Elisa to live in the country with some peasants. And before long she had made the King believe so many falsehoods about the poor Princes that he took no further interest in them.

"Fly out into the world and make your own living," the wicked Queen told them. "Fly away like big birds without a voice."

But she did not harm the Princes as much as she meant to, for they turned into eleven magnificent white swans. With a weird cry, they flew out of the palace window, across the park into the woods.

It was so early in the morning that their sister, Elisa, was still asleep when they flew over the peasant hut where she was staying. They hovered over the roofs, craning and twisting their long necks and flapping their wings, but nobody saw them or heard them. They were forced to fly on, high up near the clouds and far away into the wide world. They came down in a vast, dark forest that stretched down to the shores of the sea.

Poor little Elisa stayed in the peasant hut, and played b 00 with a green leaf, for she had no other toy. She made a little hole in the leaf and looked through it at the sun. Through it she seemed to see her brothers' bright eyes, and whenever the warm sunlight touched her cheek it reminded her of all their kisses.

One day passed like all the others. When the wind stirred the hedge roses outside the hut, it whispered to them, could be prettier than you?" But the roses shook their heads and answered, "Elisa!" And on Sunday, when the old woman sat in the doorway reading the psalms, the wind fluttered through the pages and said to the book, "Who could be more saintly than you?" "Elisa," the book testified. What it and the roses said was perfectly true.

Elisa was to go back home when she became fifteen but, as soon as the Queen saw what a beautiful Princess she was, the Queen felt spiteful and full of hatred toward her. She would not have hesitated to turn her into a wild swan, like her brothers, but she did not dare to do it just yet, because the King wanted to see his daughter.

In the early morning, the Queen went to the bathing place, which was made of white marble, furnished with soft cushions and carpeted with the most splendid rugs. She took three toads, kissed them, and said to the first:

"Squat on Elisa's head, when she bathes, so that she will become as torpid as you are." To the second she said, "Squat on her forehead, so that she will become as ugly as you are, and her father won't recognize her." And to the third, she whispered, "Lie against her heart, so that she will be cursed and tormented by evil desires.

Thereupon the Queen dropped the three toads into the clear water, which at once turned a greenish color. She called Elisa, made her undress, and told her to enter the bath. When Elisa went down into the water, one toad fastened himself to her hair, another to her forehead, and the third against her heart. But she did not seem to be aware of them, and when she stood up three red poppies floated on the water. If the toads had not been poisonous, and had not been kissed by the witch, they would have been turned into red roses. But at least they had been turned into flowers, by the mere touch of her head and heart. She was too innocent and good for witchcraft to have power over her.

When the evil Queen realized this, she rubbed Elisa with walnut stain that turned her dark brown, smeared her beautiful face with a vile ointment, and tousled her lovely hair. No one could have recognized the beautiful Elisa, and when her father saw her he was shocked. He said that this could not be his daughter. No one knew her except the watchdog and the swallows, and they were humble creatures who had nothing to say.

Poor Elisa cried and thought of her eleven brothers, who were all away. Heavy-hearted, she stole away from the palace and wandered all day long over fields and marshes, till she came to the vast forest. She had no idea where to turn. All she felt was her sorrow and her longing to be with her brothers. Like herseIf, they must have been driven out into the world, and she set her heart upon finding them. She had been in the forest only a little while when night came on, and as she had strayed from any sign of a path she said her prayers and lay down on the soft moss, with her head pillowed against a stump. All was quiet, the air was so mild, and hundreds of fireflies glittered like a green fire in the grass and moss. When she lightly brushed against a single branch, the shining insects showered about her like falling stars.

She dreamed of her brothers all night long. They were children again, playing together, writing with their diamond pencils on their golden slates, and looking at her wonderful picture book that had cost half a kingdom. But they no longer scribbled sums and exercises as they used to do. No, they set down their bold deeds and all that they had seen or heard. Everything in the picture book came alive. The birds sang, and the people strolled out of the book to talk with Elisa and her brothers, but whenever she turned a page they immediately jumped back into place, to keep the pictures in order.

When she awoke, the sun was already high. She could not see it plainly, for the tall trees spread their tangled branches above her, but the rays played above like a shimmering golden gauze. There was a delightful fragrance of green foliage, and the birds came near enough to have perched on her shoulder. She heard the water splashing from many large springs, which all flowed into a pool with the most beautiful sandy bottom. Although it was hemmed in by a wall of thick bushes, there was one place where the deer had made a path wide enough for Elisa to reach the water. The pool was so clear that, if the wind had not stirred the limbs and bushes, she might have supposed they were painted on the bottom of the pool. For each leaf was clearly reflected, whether the sun shone upon it or whether it grew in the shade.

When Elisa saw her own face she was horrified to find it so brown and ugly. But as soon as she wet her slender hand, and rubbed her brow and her eyes, her fair skin showed again. Then she laid aside her clothes and plunged into the fresh water. In all the world there was no King's daughter as lovely as Elisa. When she had dressed herself and plaited her long hair, she went to the sparkling spring and drank from the hollow of her hand. She wandered deeper into the woods without knowing whither she went. She thought of her brothers, and she thought of the good Lord, who she knew would not forsake her. He lets the wild crab apples grow to feed the hungry, and he led her footsteps to a tree with its branches bent down by the weight of their fruit. Here she had her lunch. After she put props under the heavy limbs, she went on into the depths of the forest. It was so quiet that she heard her own footsteps and every dry leaf that rustled underfoot. Not a bird was in sight, not a ray of the sun could get through the big heavy branches, and the tall trees grew so close together that when she looked straight ahead it seemed as if a solid fence of lofty palings imprisoned her. She had never known such solitude.

The night came on, pitch black. Not one firefly glittered among the leaves as she despondently lay down to sleep. Then it seemed to her that the branches parted overhead and the Lord looked kindly down upon her, and little angels peeped out from above His head and behind Him.

When she awoke the next morning she did not know whether she had dreamed this, or whether it had really happened.

A few steps farther on she met an old woman who had a basket of berries and gave some of them to her. Elisa asked if she had seen eleven Princes riding through the forest.

"No," the old woman said. "But yesterday I saw eleven swans who wore golden crowns. They were swimming in the river not far from here."

She led Elisa a little way to the top of a hill which sloped down to a winding river. The trees on either bank stretched their long leafy branches toward each other, and where the stream was too wide for them to grow across it they had torn their roots from the earth and leaned out over the water until their branches met. Elisa told the old woman good-by, and followed the river down to where it flowed into the great open sea.

Before the young girl lay the whole beautiful sea, but not a sail nor a single boat was in sight. How could she go on? She looked at the countless pebbles on the beach, and saw how round the water had worn them. Glass, iron ore, stones, all that had been washed up, had been shaped by the water that was so much softer than even her tender hand.

"It rolls on tirelessly, and that is the way it makes such hard things smooth," she said. "I shall be just as untiring. Thank you for your lesson, you clear rolling waves. My heart tells me that some day you will carry me to my beloved brothers."

Among the wet seaweed she found eleven white swan feathers, which she collected in a sheaf. There were still drops of water on them, but whether these were spray or tears no one could say. It was very lonely along the shore but she did not mind, for the sea was constantly changing. Indeed it showed more changes in a few hours than an inland lake does in a whole year. When the sky was black with threatening clouds, it was as if the sea seemed to say, 'I can look threatening too." Then the wind would blow and the waves would raise their white crests. But when the wind died down and the clouds were red, the sea would look like a rose petal.

Sometimes it showed white, and sometimes green, but however calm it might seem there was always a gentle lapping along the shore, where the waters rose and fell like the chest of a child asleep.

Just at sunset, Elisa saw eleven white swans, with golden crowns on their heads, fly toward the shore. As they flew, one behind another, they looked like a white ribbon floating in the air. Elisa climbed up and hid behind a bush on the steep bank. The swans came down near her and flapped their magnificent white wings.

As soon as the sun went down beyond the sea, the swans threw off their feathers and there stood eleven handsome Princes. They were her brothers, and, although they were greatly altered, she knew in her heart that she could not be mistaken. She cried aloud, and rushed into their arms, calling them each by name. The Princes were so happy to see their little sister. And they knew her at once, for all that she had grown tall and lovely. They laughed, and they cried, and they soon realized how cruelly their stepmother had treated them all.

"We brothers," said the eldest, "are forced to fly about disguised as wild swans as long as the sun is in the heavens, but when it goes down we take back our human form. So at sunset we must always look about us for some firm foothold, because if ever we were flying among the clouds at sunset we would be dashed down to the earth.

"We do not live on this coast. Beyond the sea there is another land as fair as this, but it lies far away and we must cross the vast ocean to reach it. Along our course there is not one island where we can pass the night, except one little rock that rises from the middle of the sea. It is barely big enough to hold us, however close together we stand, and if there is a rough sea the waves wash over us. But still we thank God for it.

"In our human forms we rest there during the night, and without it we could never come back to our own dear homeland. It takes two of the longest days of the year for our journey. We are allowed to come back to our native land only once a year, and we do not dare to stay longer than eleven days. As we fly over this forest we can see the palace where our father lives and where we were born. We can see the high tower of the church where our mother lies buried. And here we feel that even the trees and bushes are akin to us. Here the wild horses gallop across the moors as we saw them in our childhood, and the charcoal-burner sings the same old songs to which we used to dance when we were children. Tbis is our homeland. It draws us to it, and here, dear sister, we have found you again. We may stay two days longer, and then we must fly across the sea to a land which is fair enough, but not our own. How shall we take you with us? For we have neither ship nor boat."

"How shall I set you free?" their sister asked, and they talked on for most of the night, sparing only a few hours for sleep.

In the morning Elisa was awakened by the rustling of swans' wings overhead. Her brothers, once more enchanted, wheeled above her in great circles until they were out of sight. One of them, her youngest brother, stayed with her and rested his head on her breast while she stroked his wings. They spent the whole day together, and toward evening the others returned. As soon as the sun went down they resumed their own shape.

"Tomorrow," said one of her brothers, we must fly away, and we dare not return until a whole year has passed. But we cannot leave you like this. Have you courage enough to come with us? My arm is strong enough to carry you through the forest, so surely the wings of us all should be strong enough to bear you across the sea." "Yes, take me with you," said Elisa.

They spent the entire night making a net of pliant willow bark and tough rushes. They made it large and strong. Elisa lay down upon it and, when the sun rose and her brothers again became wild swans, they lifted the net in their bills and flew high up toward the clouds with their beloved sister, who still was fast asleep. As the sun shone straight into her face, one of the swans flew over her head so as to shade her with his wide wings.

They were far from the shore when she awoke. Elisa thought she must still be dreaming, so strange did it seem to be carried through the air, high over the sea. Beside her lay a branch full of beautiful ripe berries, and a bundle of sweet-tasting roots. Her youngest brother had gathered them and put them there for her. She gave him a grateful smile. She knew he must be the one who flew over her head to protect her eyes from the sun.

They were so high that the first ship they sighted looked like a gull floating on the water. A cloud rolled up behind them, as big as a mountain. Upon it Elisa saw gigantic shadows of herself and of the eleven swans. It was the most splendid picture she had ever seen, but as the sun rose higher the clouds grew small, and the shadow picture of their flight disappeared.

All day they flew like arrows whipping through the air, yet, because they had their sister to carry, they flew more slowly than on their former journeys. Night was drawing near, and a storm was rising. In terror, Elisa watched the sinking sun, for the lonely rock was nowhere in sight. It seemed to her that the swans beat their wings in the air more desperately. Alas it was because of her that they could not fly fast enough. So soon as the sun went down they would turn into men, and all of them would pitch down into the sea and drown. She prayed to God from the depths of her heart, but still no rock could be seen. Black clouds gathered and great gusts told of the storm to come. The threatening clouds came on as one tremendous wave that rolled down toward them like a mass of lead, and flash upon flash of lightning followed them. Then the sun touched the rim of the sea. Elisa's heart beat madly as the swans shot down so fast that she thought they were falling, but they checked their downward swoop. Half of the sun was below the sea when she first saw the little rock below them. It looked no larger than the head of a seal jutting out of the water. The sun sank very fast. Now it was no bigger than a star, but her foot touched solid ground. Then the sun went out like the last spark on a piece of burning paper. She saw her brothers stand about her, arm in arm, and there was only just room enough for all of them. The waves beat upon the rock and washed over them in a shower of spray. The heavens were lit by constant flashes, and bolt upon bolt of thunder crashed. But the sister and brothers clasped each other's hands and sang a psalm, which comforted them and gave them courage.

At dawn the air was clear and still. As soon as the sun came up, the swans flew off with Elisa and they left the rock behind. The waves still tossed, and from the height where they soared it looked as if the white flecks of foam against the dark green waves were millions of white swans swimming upon the waters.

When the sun rose higher, Elisa saw before her a mountainous land, half floating in the air. Its peaks were capped with sparkling ice, and in the middle rose a castle that was a mile long, with one bold colonnade perched upon another. Down below, palm trees swayed and brilliant flowers bloomed as big as mill wheels. She asked if this was the land for which they were bound, but the swans shook their heads. What she saw was the gorgeous and ever changing palace of Fata Morgana. No mortal being could venture to enter it. As Elisa stared at it, before her eyes the mountains, palms, and palace faded away, and in their place rose twenty splendid churches, all alike, with lofty towers and pointed windows. She thought she heard the organ peal, but it was the roll of the ocean she heard. When she came close to the churches they turned into a fleet of ships sailing beneath her, but when she looked down it was only a sea mist drifting over the water.

Scene after scene shifted before her eyes until she saw at last the real country whither they went. Mountains rose before her beautifully blue, wooded with cedars, and studded with cities and palaces. Long before sunset she was sitting on a mountainside, in front of a large cave carpeted over with green creepers so delicate that they looked like embroidery.

"We shall see what you'll dream of here tonight," her youngest brother said, as he showed her where she was to sleep.

"I only wish I could dream how to set you free," she said.

This thought so completely absorbed her, and she prayed so earnestly for the Lord to help her that even in her sleep she kept on praying. It seemed to her that she was flying aloft to the Fata Morgana palace of clouds. The fairy who came out to meet her was fair and shining, yet she closely resembled the old woman who gave her the berries in the forest and told her of the swans who wore golden crowns on their heads.

"Your brothers can be set free," she said, "but have you the courage and tenacity to do it? The sea water that changes the shape of rough stones is indeed softer than your delicate hands, but it cannot feel the pain that your fingers will feel. It has no heart, so it cannot suffer the anguish and heartache that you will have to endure. Do you see this stinging nettle in my hand? Many such nettles grow around the cave where you sleep. Only those and the ones that grow upon graves in the churchyards may be used - remember that! Those you must gather, although they will burn your hands to blisters. Crush the nettles with your feet and you will have flax, which you must spin and weave into eleven shirts of mail with long sleeves. Once you throw these over the eleven wild swans, the spell over them is broken. But keep this well in mind! From the moment you undertake this task until it is done, even though it lasts for years, you must not speak. The first word you say will strike your brothers' hearts like a deadly knife. Their lives are at the mercy of your tongue. Now, remember what I told you!"

She touched Elisa's hand with nettles that burned like fire and awakened her. It was broad daylight, and close at hand where she had been sleeping grew a nettle like those of which she had dreamed. She thanked God upon her knees, and left the cave to begin her task.

With her soft hands she took hold of the dreadful nettles that seared like fire. Great blisters rose on her hands and arms, but she endured it gladly in the hope that she could free her beloved brothers. She crushed each nettle with her bare feet, and spun the green flax.

When her brothers returned at sunset, it alarmed them that she did not speak. They feared this was some new spell cast by their wicked stepmother, but when they saw her hands they understood that she laboured to save them. The youngest one wept, and wherever his tears touched Elisa she felt no more pain, and the burning blisters healed.

She toiled throughout the night, for she could not rest until she had delivered her beloved brothers from the enchantment. Throughout the next day, while the swans were gone she sat all alone, but never had the time sped so quickly. One shirt was made, and she set to work on the second one.

Then she heard the blast of a hunting horn on the mountainside. It frightened her, for the sound came nearer until she could hear the hounds bark. Terror-stricken, she ran into the cave, bundled together the nettles she had gathered and woven, and sat down on this bundle.

Immediately a big dog came bounding from the thicket, followed by another, and still another, all barking loudly as they ran to and fro. In a very few minutes all the huntsmen stood in front of the cave. The most handsome of these was the King of the land, and he came up to Elisa. Never before had he seen a girl so beautiful. "My lovely child," he said, "how do you come to be here?"

Elisa shook her head, for she did not dare to speak. Her brothers' deliverance and their very lives depended upon it, and she hid her hands under her apron to keep the King from seeing how much she suffered.

"Come with me," he told her. "You cannot stay here. If you are as good as you are fair I shall clothe you in silk and velvet, set a golden crown upon your head, and give you my finest palace to live in." Then he lifted her up on his horse. When she wept and wrung her hands, the King told her, "My only wish is to make you happy. Some day you will thank me for doing this." Off through the mountains he spurred, holding her before him on his horse as his huntsmen galloped behind them.

At sundown, his splendid city with all its towers and domes lay before them. The King led her into his palace, where great fountains played in the high marble halls, and where both walls and ceilings were adorned with paintings. But she took no notice of any of these things. She could only weep and grieve. Indifferently, she let the women dress her in royal garments, weave strings of pearls in her hair, and draw soft gloves over her blistered fingers.

She was so dazzlingly beautiful in all this splendor that the whole court bowed even deeper than before. And the King chose her for his bride, although the archbishop shook his head and whispered that this lovely maid of the woods must be a witch, who had blinded their eyes and stolen the King's heart.

But the King would not listen to him. He commanded that music be played, the costliest dishes be served, and the prettiest girls dance for her. She was shown through sweet-scented gardens, and into magnificent halls, but nothing could make her lips smile or her eyes sparkle. Sorrow had set its seal upon them. At length the King opened the door to a little chamber adjoining her bedroom. It was covered with splendid green embroideries, and looked just like the cave in which he had found her. On the floor lay the bundle of flax she had spun from the nettles, and from the ceiling hung the shirt she had already finished. One of the huntsmen had brought these with him as curiosities.

"Here you may dream that you are back in your old home," the King told her. Here is the work that you were doing there, and surrounded by all your splendor here it may amuse you to think of those times."

When Elisa saw these things that were so precious to her, a smile trembled on her lips, and the blood rushed back to her cheeks. The hope that she could free her brothers returned to her, and she kissed the King's hand. He pressed her to his heart and commanded that all the church bells peal to announce their wedding. The beautiful mute girl from the forest was to be the country's Queen.

The archbishop whispered evil words in the King's ear, but they did not reach his heart. The wedding was to take place. The archbishop himself had to place the crown on her head. Out of spite, he forced the tight circlet so low on her forehead that it hurt her. But a heavier band encircled her heart, and; the sorrow she felt for her brothers kept her from feeling any hurt of the flesh. Her lips were mute, for one single word would mean death to her brothers, but her eyes shone with love for the kind and handsome King who did his best to please her. Every day she grew fonder and fonder of him in her heart. Oh, if only she could confide in him, and tell him what grieved her. But mute she must remain, and finish her task in silence. So at night she would steal away from his side into her little chamber which resembled the cave, and there she wove one shirt after another, but when she set to work on the seventh there was not enough flax left to finish it.

She knew that the nettles she must use grew in the churchyard, but she had to gather them herself. How could she go there?

"Oh, what is the pain in my fingers compared with the anguish I feel in my heart!" she thought. "I must take the risk, and the good Lord will not desert me."

As terrified as if she were doing some evil thing, she tiptoed down into the moonlit garden, through the long alleys and down the deserted streets to the churchyard. There she saw a group of vampires sitting in a circle on one of the large gravestones. These hideous ghouls took off their ragged clothes as they were about to bathe. With skinny fingers they clawed open the new graves. Greedily they snatched out the bodies and ate the flesh from them. Elisa had to pass close to them, and they fixed their vile eyes upon her, but she said a prayer, picked the stinging nettles, and carried them back to the palace.

Only one man saw her-the archbishop. He was awake while others slept. Now he had proof of what he had suspected. There was something wrong with the Queen. She was a witch, and that was how she had duped the King and all his people.

In the confessional, he told the King what he had seen and what he feared. As the bitter words spewed from his mouth, the images of the saints shook their heads, as much as to say, He lies. Elisa is innocent." The archbishop, however, had a different explanation for this. He said they were testifying against her, and shaking their heads at her wickedness.

Two big tears rolled down the King's cheeks as he went home with suspicion in his heart. That night he pretended to be asleep, but no restful sleep touched his eyes. He watched Elisa get out of bed. Every night he watched her get up and each time he followed her quietly and saw her disappear into her private little room. Day after day his frown deepened. Elisa saw it, and could not understand why this should be, but it made her anxious and added to the grief her heart already felt for her brothers. Her hot tears fell down upon her queenly robes of purple velvet. There they flashed like diamonds, and all who saw this splendor wished that they were Queen.

Meanwhile she had almost completed her task. Only one shirt was lacking, but again she ran out of flax. Not a single nettle was left. Once more, for the last time, she must go to the churchyard and pluck a few more handfuls. She thought with fear of the lonely walk and the ghastly vampires, but her will was as strong as her faith in God.

She went upon her mission, but the King and his archbishop followed her. They saw her disappear through the iron gates of the churchyard, and when they came in after her they saw vampires sitting on a gravestone, just as Elisa had seen them.

The King turned away, for he thought Elisa was among them -Elisa whose head had rested against his heart that very evening.

"Let the people judge her," he said. And the people did judge her. They condemned her to die by fire.

She was led from her splendid royal halls to a dungeon, dark and damp, where the wind whistled in between the window bars. Instead of silks and velvets they gave her for a pillow the bundle of nettles she had gathered, and for her coverlet the harsh, burning shirts of mail she had woven. But they could have given her nothing that pleased her more.

She set to work again, and prayed. Outside, the boys in the street sang jeering songs about her, and not one soul came to comfort her with a kind word.

But toward evening she heard the rustle of a swan's wings close to her window. It was her youngest brother who had found her at last. She sobbed for joy. Though she knew that this night was all too apt to be her last, the task was almost done and her brothers were near her.

The archbishop came to stay with her during her last hours on earth, for this much he had promised the King. But she shook her head, and by her expression and gestures begged him to leave. This was the last night she had to finish her task, or it would all go for naught-all her pain, and her tears, and her sleepless nights. The archbishop went away, saying cruel things against her. But poor Elisa knew her own innocence, and she kept on with her task.

The little mice ran about the floor, and brought nettles to her feet, trying to help her all they could. And a thrush perched near the bars of her window to sing the whole night through, as merrily as he could, so that she would keep up her courage.

It was still in the early dawn, an hour before sunrise, when the eleven brothers reached the palace gates and demanded to see the King. This, they were told, was impossible. It was still night. The King was asleep and could not be disturbed. They begged and threatened so loudly that the guard turned out, and even the King came running to find what the trouble was. But at that instant the sun rose, and the eleven brothers vanished. Eleven swans were seen flying over the palace.

All the townsmen went flocking out through the town gates, for they wanted to see the witch burned. A decrepit old horse pulled the cart in which Elisa sat. They had dressed her in coarse sackcloth, and all her lovely long hair hung loose around her beautiful head. Her cheeks were deathly pale, and her lips moved in silent prayer as her fingers twisted the green flax. Even on her way to death she did not stop her still un-finished work. Ten shirts lay at her feet and she worked away on the eleventh. "See how the witch mumbles," the mob scoffed at her. "That's no psalm book in her hands. No, there she sits, nursing her filthy sorcery. Snatch it away from her, and tear it to bits!"

The crowd of people closed in to destroy all her work, but before they could reach her, eleven white swans flew down and made a ring around the cart with their flapping wings. The mob drew back in terror.

"It is a sign from Heaven. She must be innocent," many people whispered. But no one dared say it aloud.

As the executioner seized her arm, she made haste to throw the eleven shirts over the swans, who instantly became eleven handsome Princes. But the youngest brother still had a swan's wing in place of one arm, where a sleeve was missing from his shirt. Elisa had not quite been able to finish it.

"Now," she cried, "I may speak! I am innocent."

All the people who saw what had happened bowed down to her as they would before a saint. But the strain, the anguish, and the suffering had been too much for her to bear, and she fell into her brothers' arms as if all life had gone out of her.

"She is innocent indeed!" said her eldest brother, and he told them all that had happened. And while he spoke, the scent of a million roses filled the air, for every piece of wood that they had piled up to burn her had taken root and grown branches. There stood a great high hedge, covered with red and fragrant roses. At the very top a single pure white flower shone like a star. The King plucked it and put it on Elisa's breast. And she awoke, with peace and happiness in her heart.

All the church bells began to ring of their own accord, and the air was filled with birds. Back to the palace went a bridal procession such as no King had ever enjoyed before.

2022年3月20日 星期日

CHRISTOPHER ALEXANDER: The Search for a New Paradigm in Architecture (Stephen Grabow)



CHRISTOPHER ALEXANDER: The Search for a New Paradigm in Architecture (Stephen Grabow)

 
http://hclectures.blogspot.tw/2013/03/christopher-alexander.html

Grabow, Stephen: Christopher Alexander: The Search for a New Paradigm in Architecture, Oriel Press (Routledge & Kegan Paul), London and Boston, 1983.



CHRISTOPHER ALEXANDER: The Search for a New Paradigm in Architecture  (1983)是一本絕版書   不過美國有三處"新書"賣60美元 (1983年版訂價37.5元)

作者STEPHEN GRABOW 當初申請到補助,跑到CHRISTOPHER ALEXANDER任教的伯克萊大學,與傳主密切訪談6個月以上 (訪談多有錄音 本書多根據這些謄本寫作)。當時CHRISTOPHER ALEXANDER 教書約有15年經驗 基本的思想系統已備 雖然他還有近20年的大學教學生涯
英文書將Stephen Grabow與CHRISTOPHER ALEXANDER合作的此書
比擬為Boswell與S. Johnson間合作的The Life of Dr. Johnson




我之所以要特別記一下本書是因為有些書緣

Grabow, Stephen, 1943-
AVAILABLE - Coe Library - Stacks - NA 997 .A57 G7 1983 -

More Details
Subject(s) Alexander, Christopher, 1936-
Architecture -- Environmental aspects.
Architects -- Psychology.
Description xviii, 306 p., l p. of plates : ill. ; 24 cm.
Bibliography Bibliography: p. 229-237.
ISBN 0853621993 :
OCLC No. 11726672


2022年3月18日 星期五

《蝦蟆的油:黑澤明自傳》 Akira Kurosawa, Something Like an Autobiography. 師友。Sisyphus (古希臘神話): 紀德日紀 (1916)); Albert Camus的論文(1942)。比較黑澤明的佛教故事比喻 (回憶錄)



 Sisyphus (古希臘神話): 紀德日紀 (1916)); Albert Camus的論文(1942)。比較黑澤明的佛教故事比喻 (回憶錄)
https://www.facebook.com/hanching.chung/videos/395884472360735


They never recognized that movies are made by a cooperative work force that is created by a union of individual human talents. They never recognized how much effort was required to bring about that union. So they were able to destroy with total equanimity everything we had worked to build. We became like the children in Buddhist limbo who have preceded their parents in death: On the banks of the River Sai they pile up stones to form little towers. But every time a tower is completed, a mean devil comes and knocks it down. It was like Sisyphus trying to push his boulder up the mountain. The company president and the director of labor relations at this time were both men from outside who had neither understanding of nor affection for movies. The executive in charge of labor, moreover, was willing to engage in the lowest imaginable tactics to win the strike battle. At one point he fed the newspapers a story to the effect that I had been forced by the union to put certain lines of dialogue into the script I was filming. Since this statement had no basis in truth, and if it had, I could never have lifted up my head in the world as a film director again, I demanded an explanation. The response was, "Well, if you say it isn't so, then you must be right," and he apologized on the spot. But even though he apologized, the article had been headline news, and everyone had read it. A

Akira Kurosawa, Something Like an Autobiography.





*** 師友


. In my day there were many such teachers who harbored a libertarian spirit and a wealth of individual qualities. By comparison with them, among today's schoolteachers there are too many plain "salary-man" drudges. Or perhaps even more than salary men, there are too many bureaucrat types among those who become teachers. The kind of education these people dispense isn't worth a damn. There's absolutely nothing of interest in it. So it's no wonder that students today prefer to spend their time reading comic books. In primary school I had a wonderful teacher in Mr. Tachikawa. In middle school I had Mr. Ohara and Mr. Iwamatsu, who were also wonderful teachers. These teachers understood my individual qualities and encouraged me to develop them. I have been truly blessed with my teachers. Later, when I entered the film world, I was fortunate enough to get an excellent teacher in "Yama-san" (director Yamamoto Kajiro, 1902-1973). I also received warm encouragement from director Itami Mansaku (1900-1946) and excellent training from the superb producer Morita Nobuyoshi. Besides these people there are many directors I revere as teachers: Shimazu Yasujira (1897-1945), Yamanaka Sadao (1909- 1938), Mizoguchi Kenji, Ozu Yasujiro and Naruse Mikio. When I think about these people, I want to raise my voice in that old song: " . . . thanks for our teacher's kindness, we have honored and revered. . . . " But none of them can hear me now. 



黑澤明之所以偉大的原因
——黑澤明自傳《蝦蟆的油》(一分鐘閱讀書籍)
  
武士帶着他的妻子走在竹林中,強盜出來把他綁起來,強暴了他的妻子,武士也喪生了。這個情節,由強盜、妻子和武士的鬼魂說來,儘管大體一樣,但因細節相異而呈現截然不同的真相。這是日本作家芥川龍之介的小說《竹林中》,1951年由日本導演黑澤明改編成電影取名《羅生門》,從此,羅生門就成為同一件事各有各說法而無法知道真相的代名詞。
在上世紀被稱為「黑澤天皇」的導演黑澤明,不僅是我的電影偶像,而且是我的文學藝術的偶像。電影《羅生門》赤裸裸暴露了,因人性的虛飾而使世上的事情幾乎沒有真相,而這種虛飾的人性又幾乎無人可以避免,這種揭示使我大受觸動。這以後,幾乎黑澤明所有的電影我都沒有錯過。他的《七俠四義》、《用心棒》、《天國與地獄》、《赤鬍子》、《德蘇烏扎拉》、《影武者》,每一部我都被扣動心弦,他的人道主義精神也深深影響我的寫作。
早前讀到他的自傳《蝦蟆的油》,我再一次被他深刻自剖所打動。
  黑澤明1910年生於東京,1951年以《羅生門》獲得威尼斯影展金獅獎,隔年再拿下奧斯卡最佳外語片獎。1975年以《德蘇烏扎拉》二度獲得奧斯卡。1990年獲奧斯卡終身成就獎。1998年病逝東京,享壽八十八歲。1999年經CNN評選為二十世紀亞洲最有貢獻人物(藝文類)。
黑澤明的自傳《蝦蟆的油》,中譯本副題是「黑澤明尋找黑澤明」。這本自傳是1978年他68歲時寫的,那時他所有傑作已獲得全世界電影界肯定,距離他成名作《羅生門》問世也接近30年了。
這本書從他光著身體來到這世界寫起,記下家庭、學校、戰爭、入影圈,從助導、編劇到當上導演,及拍好幾部戲的種種記事。不過,寫到最後一章「直到《羅生門》」,這本書就結束,沒有往下寫。也就是說,以後他在電影業的輝煌成就,他在1951年後30年拍出許多傑作的經過,他都不寫了。
甚麼原因?在他的自傳中,他說正是因為《羅生門》這部偉大作品,影響他無法寫下他其後的人生。
在黑澤明自傳中,他講到籌拍這部戲的時候,受到電影製作公司的社長反對。
開拍前一天,公司派給他的三個助導去找他,說完全看不懂這個劇本,要求黑澤明作說明。黑澤簡單說明電影的主題是:「人不能老實面對自己,不能毫無虛矯地談論自己。這個劇本,就是描述人若無虛飾就活不下去的本性。不對,是描述人到死都不能放下虛矯的深罪。這是人與生俱來、無可救藥的罪業,是人的利己之心展開的奇怪畫卷。如果把焦點對準人心不可解這一點,應該可以了解這個劇本。」
聽了他的解釋,其中兩個助導說回去再看一遍劇本試試,但總助導還是不能接受,終辭任這職位。不過其他人,包括演員都非常熱心地投入拍攝工作。電影拍成上映,在日本沒有甚麼反響,而黑澤明與電影公司的再合作計劃也被拒絕。
  有一天,黑澤明回家,老婆衝出來告訴他:《羅生門》在威尼斯影展獲金獅獎。他感到愕然,因為他連這部戲被拿去參展都不知道。事實上不是日本製作公司拿去參展,而是有一個意大利影評人在日本看了這部片交由意大利電影公司推薦參展的。這次獲獎和隨後在奧斯卡獲獎,對日本電影界猶如晴天霹靂。日本人為甚麼對日本的存在這麼沒有自信?為甚麼尊重外國的東西,卻卑賤日本的東西呢?黑澤只能說,這是可悲的國民性。
獲獎使電影在日本重被重視,電視也予以播放。在電視播出時,電視台訪問了原製作公司的社長,這個社長得意洋洋地說,是他自己一手推動這部作品的。黑澤看了說不出話來。因為當初拍這部片時,社長明明面有難色,說這是甚麼讓人看不下去的東西,而且把推動這部作品的高層和製片降職。社長還滔滔不絕地重複外國影評誇獎這部片的攝影技術,說這部片第一次把攝影機面對太陽拍攝。而直到採訪最後,他都沒有提到黑澤明和攝影師宮本的名字。
黑澤看了這段訪問,覺得簡直就是《羅生門》啊。 電影《羅生門》本身,固然表現了可悲的人性,而在獲獎及在電視播出時,也呈現出同樣的人性。
他再次知道,人有本能地美化自己的天性,人很難如實地談論自己。可是,黑澤說,他不能嘲笑這位社長。他反省說:「我寫這本自傳,裏面真的都老老實實寫我自己嗎?是否沒有觸及自己醜陋的部分?是否或大或小美化了自己?寫到《羅生門》無法不反省。於是筆尖無法繼續前進。《羅生門》雖然把我以電影人的身份送出世界之門,但寫了自傳的我,無法從那扇門再往前寫。」
黑澤明以真誠的心,奉獻了芥川龍之介的人性之作,而創作《羅生門》的過程和結果,也創造了黑澤明自己。在創造了許多被世界肯定的傑作之後,仍然能夠如此真誠地反省自己。我們終於知道黑澤明之所以偉大的原因了,就是他有與眾不同的內在反省能力。是不是每個人都無法擺脫這種不能如實談論自己的虛飾的人性呢?常說要忠於自己的人,包括我在內,真要好好想一想。



蝦蟆的油: 黑澤明尋找黑澤明
蝦蟇の油: 自伝のようなもの


作者 / 黑澤明 黒沢明
譯者 / 陳寶蓮
出版社 / 麥田出版社
出版日期 / 2014

內容簡介

雖然沒有自信能讓讀者看得高興,
但我仍以過往常告訴晚輩的「不要怕丟臉」這句話說服自己。──Akira Kurosawa 黑澤 明 


導演│侯孝賢──推薦人──影評│聞天祥

※黑澤明唯一自傳(收錄珍貴成長與工作照片)※

史蒂芬.史匹柏眼中「電影界的莎士比亞」
唯一讓法蘭西斯.柯波拉甘願委身助理的電影大師
CNN評選│20世紀亞洲最有貢獻人物│藝文類│

日本民間流傳著這樣一個故事︰在深山裡,有一種特別的蝦蟆,不僅外表奇醜無比,而且還多長了幾條腿。人們抓到牠後,將其放在鏡子前或玻璃箱內,蝦蟆一看到自己醜陋不堪的外表不禁嚇出一身油。這種油,也是民間用來治療燒傷燙傷的珍貴藥材。

受到法國導演尚.雷諾瓦寫自傳的鼓舞,從來無意寫自傳的黑澤明,在即將屆滿六十八歲之際,說服自己以「不要怕丟臉」的態度,回顧拍出《羅生門》這 部經典作品之前的自己。為了找回過去的記憶,黑澤明和許多朋友促膝長談,從與良師益友乃至憎惡之人的回憶中,黑澤明尋找黑澤明之所以能有後來成就的故事, 並自喻是隻站在鏡子前的蝦蟆,因發現過往的種種不堪,嚇出一身油。

這部直面人生的深刻告白,笑淚交織,是一代電影大師在自己人生中的精采演出!

【「底片」與「正片」──談小哥哥丙午】

如果?
直到現在,我還時常在想。
如果哥哥沒有自殺、像我一樣進入電影界的話?
哥哥擁有充分的電影知識和理解電影的才華,在電影界也有很多知己,而且還很年輕,只要有那份意志,應該可以在電影領域揚名立萬。
可是,沒有人能讓哥哥改變其意志。
有一天,母親問我。
「丙午(小哥哥的名字)沒事吧?」
「什麼事?」
「怎麼說呢......丙午不是一直說他要三十歲以前死嗎?」
沒錯。
哥哥常說這話。
我要三十歲以前死掉,人過了三十歲,就只會變得醜惡。
像口頭禪一樣。
哥哥醉心俄國文學,尤其推崇阿爾志跋綏夫(Mikhail Artsybashev)的《最後一線》是世界文學最高傑作,隨時放在手邊。所以我認為他預告自殺的言語,不過是受到文學迷惑後的誇張感慨而已。
因此,我(黑澤明)對母親的擔心一笑置之,輕薄地回答:
「越是說要死的人,越死不了。」
但是就在我說完這話的幾個月後,哥哥死了。
就像他平常說的一樣,在越過三十歲前的二十七歲那年自殺了。
後來,我進入電影界,擔任《作文教室》的總助導時,主演的德川夢聲盯著我看,然後對我說了這句話。
「你和令兄一模一樣。只是,令兄是底片,你是正片。」
因為我覺得自己受哥哥的影響很大總是追著他的腳步前進,有那樣的哥哥才有今天的我,所以對德川夢聲說的話,也是這樣子解讀。但後來聽他解釋,他的意思是哥哥和我長得一模一樣,但是哥哥臉上有陰鬱的影子,性格也是如此,我的表情和性格則是開朗明亮。
植草圭之助也說我的性格有如向日葵般,帶有向陽性,我大概真的有這一面。
但我認為,是因為有哥哥這個「底片」,才會有我這個「正片」。

【仰瞻師道──談最佳良師山爺】

山爺從不對助導發脾氣。
有一次拍外景,忘了叫搭檔演出的另一個演員。
我趕忙找總助導谷口千吉商量,千哥毫不緊張,直接去向山爺報告。
「山爺,今天某某不來唷!」
山爺驚愕地看著千哥:
「怎麼回事?」
「忘了叫他,所以不來了。」
千哥說得好像是山爺忘了叫人似的,口氣強硬。
這一點是PCL出名的谷口千吉誰也模仿不來的獨特之處。
山爺對千哥這過分的態度沒有生氣:
「好吧,知道了。」
當天的戲就只能靠那一個人。
那個人回頭向後面喊著:
「喂,你在幹什麼?快點過來!」
整場戲就這麼帶過。
電影完成後,山爺帶我和千哥去澀谷喝酒,經過放映那部片子的電影院,山爺停下腳步,對我們說:
「去看一下吧!」
三人並肩而坐看電影。
看到那個搭檔之一回頭向後面喊著「喂,你在幹什麼?快點過來!」的地方,山爺對千哥和我說:
「另一個人在幹什麼?在大便嗎?」
千哥和我站起來,在陰暗的電影院裡,直挺挺地向山爺鞠躬致歉。
「真的對不起。」
周圍的觀眾吃驚地看著兩個大男人突然起立鞠躬。
山爺就是這樣的人。
我們當副導時拍出來的東西,他即使不滿意,也絕不剪掉。
而是在電影上映時帶我們去看,用「那個地方這樣拍可能比較好」的方式教我們。
那是為了培養助理導演、即使犧牲自己作品也可以的做法。
雖然這樣盡心培養我們,但山爺在某個雜誌談到我時僅說:
「我只教會黑澤君喝酒。」
我不知道該如何感謝這樣的山爺。

【遺憾的事──談憎惡之人】

當時,內務省把導演的首部作品當作導演考試的考題,所以《姿三四郎》一殺青立刻提交內務省赴考。考官當然是檢閱官,在幾位現任電影導演陪席下,進行導演考試。
預定陪席的電影導演是山爺、小津安二郎、田坂具隆。但山爺有事不克出席,特別和我打招呼,說有小津先生在,沒問題。鼓勵向來和檢閱官勢同水火的我。
我參加導演考試那天,憂鬱地走過內務省走廊,看到兩個童工扭在一起玩柔道。其中一個喊著「山嵐」、模仿三四郎的拿手技摔倒對手,他們一定看過《姿三四郎》的試映。
儘管如此,這些人還是讓我等了三個小時。
期間那個模仿三四郎的童工抱歉地端了一杯茶給我。
終於開始考試時,更是過分。
檢閱官排排坐在長桌後面,末席是田坂和小津,最旁邊坐著工友,每個人都有咖啡可以喝,連工友都喝著咖啡。
我坐在長桌前的一張椅子上。
簡直像被告。
當然沒有咖啡喝。
我好像犯了名叫《姿三四郎》的大罪。
檢閱官開始論告。
論點照例,一切都是「英美的」。
尤其認定神社石階上的愛情戲(檢閱官這樣說,但那根本不是愛情戲,只是男女主角相遇而已)是「英美的」,嘮叨不停。
我若仔細聽了會發火,只好看著窗外,盡量什麼都不聽。
即使如此,還是受不了檢閱官那冥頑不靈又帶刺的言語。
我無法控制自己臉色大變。
可惡!隨便你啦!
去吃這張椅子吧!
我這麼想著、正要起身時,小津先生站起來說:
「滿分一百分來看,《姿三四郎》是一百二十分,黑澤君,恭喜你!」
小津先生說完,無視不服氣的檢閱官,走到我身邊,小聲告訴我銀座小料理店的名字,「去喝一杯慶祝吧!」
之後,我在那裡等待,小津先生和山爺一同進來。
小津先生像安慰我似的拚命誇讚《姿三四郎》。
但是我仍無法平息心中的怒氣,想著如果我把那張像被告席的椅子往檢閱官砸去,不知道會有多痛快。
直到現在,我雖然感謝小津先生,但也遺憾沒有那麼做。

【黑澤明大事記】

1910年│生於東京。
1936年│考進PCL電影製片廠(東寶映畫前身)擔任助理導演。
1951年│以《羅生門》獲得威尼斯影展金獅獎,隔年再拿下奧斯卡榮譽獎。
1954年│以《七武士》獲得威尼斯影展銀獅獎,奠定國際影壇地位。
1975年│以《德蘇烏扎拉》二度獲得奧斯卡。
1978年│出版類自傳《蝦蟆的油》。
1990年│獲奧斯卡終身成就獎。
1998年│病逝東京,享壽八十八歲。
1999年│經CNN評選為二十世紀亞洲最有貢獻人物(藝文類)




2006/11

{蝦蟆的油: 黑澤明自傳}重現中國江湖

近日,黑澤明自傳(1978)《蛤蟆的油》大陸中譯本才由南海出版公司引進推出,台灣很早就有啦:黑澤明著{蝦蟆的油 黑澤明自傳 }: 林雅靜譯,台北 : 星光, 民83 /1994 。(【蝦蟆】 注音一式 ㄏㄚˊ ˙ㄇㄚ  解釋 動物名。兩生綱無尾目蛙屬。體型類似蟾蜍而較小,色呈暗褐,背有黑點,善跳躍,鳴叫時作呷呷聲,常居於沼澤邊。亦作蛤蟆。)

書名緣由?據黑澤明的解釋,書名來源於一種日本常用藥材——蝦蟆油。原來,日本民間故事:深山有一種特別的蝦蟆,人們抓到它之後就將它放在鏡前或玻璃箱內,它一看到自己醜陋不堪的真面目就會嚇出一身油。這種油,民間用來當治療燒燙割傷的珍貴藥材。

黑澤明晚年回首往事,自喻是只站在鏡前的蛤蟆,發現自己從前的種種不堪,嚇出一身油……


Vintage Books & Anchor Books

“Although human beings are incapable of talking about themselves with total honesty, it is much harder to avoid the truth while pretending to be other people. They often reveal much about themselves in a very straightforward way. I am certain that I did. There is nothing that says more about its creator than the work itself.” 
― Akira Kurosawa, Something Like an Autobiography
Something Like an Autobiography (1982) is the memoir of Japanese film director Akira Kurosawa



The Power of Culture: Studies in Chinese Cultural History 1994











The Power of Culture: Studies in Chinese Cultural History (Chinese University Press) Hardcover – 22 1 月 1994
作者 Willard Peterson (Editor), Andrew Plaks (Editor), Ying-shih Yü (Editor)



A symposium of essays presented in honor of T. T. Ch'en and F. W. Mote on the occasion of their retirement from the East Asian Studies Department of Princeton University. 
The participants and contributors are all renowned scholars in Chinese studies, including 
K. C. Chang, 
Tsu-lin Mei, 
Shuen-fu Lin, 
Yu-kung Kao, 
Donald Holzman, 
John Hay, 
Jao Tsung-i, 
Peter Bol, 
Richard Barnhart, 班宗華 Landscape Painting Around 1085
Shou-chien Shih, 
Kang-i Sun Chang, 
Andrew Lo, 
Keith McMahon, 
Ju-hsi Chou, 
Derk Bodde 
and the editors."

2022年3月17日 星期四

百歲:亞歷山大·索忍尼辛/索爾仁尼琴 Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn :《癌症病房》《癌症樓》《紅倫》The Red Wheel.《古拉格群島》The Gulag Archipelago;《索忍尼辛回憶錄 》《索忍尼辛選集》《牛犢頂橡樹 副標題: 文學生活隨筆》;《波爾》Heinrich Böll、TLS ;顏世鴻《青島東路三號:我的百年之憶及台灣的荒謬年代》、 曹欽榮等《流麻溝十五號:綠島女生分隊及其他》

百歲:亞歷山大·索忍尼辛/索爾仁尼琴 Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn :《癌症病房》《癌症樓》《紅倫》The Red Wheel.《古拉格群島》The Gulag Archipelago;《索忍尼辛回憶錄 》《索忍尼辛選集》《牛犢頂橡樹 副標題: 文學生活隨筆》;


([俄] 亞歷山大·索爾仁尼琴)《牛犢頂橡樹: 文學生活隨筆》 《古拉格群島》《癌症病房》

哈哈!或許也說得通:他們這專案不是有什麼"人文地理"等等: 某圖書館把索忍尼辛的《古拉格群島》列入地理類。

 胡慧玲 Dear HC: 他們還把索忍尼辛的《癌症病房》列入醫學類。
HC: 還是讀小說比較深入而充實

***
牛犢頂橡樹 副標題: 文學生活隨筆 作者: [俄] 亞歷山大·索爾仁尼琴 譯者: 陳淑賢 / 張大本 / 張曉強 出版社: 中國文聯出版社 出版年: 2011-1 頁數: 246

《牛犢頂橡樹(文學生活隨筆)》內容簡介:亞歷山大·伊薩耶維奇·索爾仁尼琴,俄羅斯作家。生於北高加索的基斯洛沃茨克市。 1924年,隨寡母遷居到頓河上的羅斯托夫市。在這裡,他讀完了中學,考入羅斯托夫大學的物理數學系,1941年以優異成績畢業。與此同時,因酷愛文學,他還在莫斯科文史哲學院函授班攻習文學。蘇德戰爭爆發後,索爾仁尼琴應徵入伍,曾任大尉砲兵連長,兩次立功受獎。 1974年10月,他聯合一些流亡西方的蘇聯作家,在西柏林創辦了《大陸》文學季刊,作為發表蘇聯流亡作家作品的陣地,他親自寫了發刊詞。 1978年6月8日他在美國哈佛大學發表演講時,因批評西方社會的實利主義和自由主義,引起一場爭論。 《牛犢頂橡樹》是他在此期間他在西方出版的作品,是一部關於蘇聯國內“文學生活的特寫”,其中講到自己作品的遭遇。 


作者簡介 · · · · · · 亞歷山大·伊薩耶維奇·索爾仁尼琴,俄羅斯作家。生於北高加索的基斯洛沃茨克市。 1924年,隨寡母遷居到頓河上的羅斯托夫市。在這裡,他讀完了中學,考入羅斯托夫大學的物理數學系,1941年以優異成績畢業。與此同時,因酷愛文學,他還在莫斯科文史哲學院函授班攻習文學。蘇德戰爭爆發後,索爾仁尼琴應徵入伍,曾任大尉砲兵連長,兩次立功受獎。 1974年10月,他聯合一些流亡西方的蘇聯作家,在西柏林創辦了《大陸》文學季刊,作為發表蘇聯流亡作家作品的陣地,他親自寫了發刊詞。 1978年6月8日他在美國哈佛大學發表演講時,因批評西方社會的實利主義和自由主義,引起一場爭論。 《牛犢頂橡樹》是他在此期間他在西方出版的作品,是一部關於蘇聯國內“文學生活的特寫”,其中講到自己作品的遭遇。 




目錄 · · · · · · 
譯者的話 一點說明 地下作家 初露崢嶸 浮出水面 受傷的烏 補記之一(1967年11月) 絞索斷裂 補記之二(1971年2月) 發作 扼殺 補記之三(1973年12月) 諾貝爾獎 遭遇戰 補記之四(1974年6月) 英雄末日

亞歷山大·索忍尼辛 Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn :The Red Wheel.《古拉格群島》The Gulag Archipelago;索忍尼辛回憶錄 《索忍尼辛選集》

2022.3.17 晨讀張錯教授的
懷念尉老師
「試上高峯窺皓月,偶開天眼覷紅塵,可憐身是眼中人。」
王國維詞,尉天驄字
我對尉天驄教授晚年找The Red Wheel的中譯本,印象深刻:

  • Russia and the Threat to America.——— (1983b). November 1916 (novel). The Red Wheel.
  • ——— (1983c). Victory Celebration.
  • ——— (1983d). Prisoners.
  • ——— (10 May 1983). Godlessness, the First Step to the Gulag (address). London: Templeton Prize.
  • ——— (1984). August 1914 (novel) (much-expanded ed.).
  • ——— (1990). Rebuilding Russia.
  • ——— (1990). March 1917.
  • ——— (c. 1991). April 1917.
  • ——— (1995). The Russian Question.





Times Literary Supplement

Creativity in the depths of the Gulag


THE-TLS.CO.UK


Cultural citadel | Daniel Beer




34:35
164 劉述先及其【馬爾勞與中國】 鍾漢清 2017-06-17
hc iTaiwan forum

2016.7.1 曹永洋學長來談。他說他想寫篇紀念劉述先先生《文學欣賞的靈魂 》的文章。
我跟他推薦劉教授夫婦合作的《文學欣賞的靈魂 II》---就我所知:
劉述先《馬爾勞與中國 》香港: 中文大學,1981


Hanching Chung


2015年10月11日下午8:15 ·





晚上7點半跟曹永洋先生請教劉安雲,果然是劉述先老師的太太。60年代、70年代讀過劉老師的《文學欣賞的靈魂》、《新時代哲學的信念與方法》等書。  
東海大學生物系畢業 (第一屆),曾隨牟宗三、劉述先兩位先生修習哲學,後赴美國南伊大(Southern Illinois University)修習美國文學、英國文學。曾譯《索忍尼辛選集》、《癌症病房》等名著,並以劉會友筆名譯《小矮人歷險記》。
《人的宗教:人類偉大的智慧傳統 》(THE WORLD’S RELIGIONS: Our Great Wisdom Traditions By Huston Smith: 休斯頓.史密士 ,台北:立緒,2013)

劉述先
  曾任香港中文大學哲學系講座教授,現任中央研究院中國文哲研究所研究員。著有《文學欣賞的靈魂》、《新時代哲學的信念與方法》、《中國哲學與現代化》、《朱子哲學思想的發展與完成》、《黃宗羲心學的定位》、《當代中國哲學論:人物篇,問題篇》、《Understanding Confucian Philosophy: Classical and Sung-Ming》等書。曾參與多次東西哲學家會議,儒耶與儒回之間的對話。
我讀過恩思特卡西爾《論人--人類文化哲學導論》劉述先譯,台中:東海大學出版社,1958;
《馬爾勞與中國》劉述先著 (附錄: (一)劉安雲譯《馬爾勞訪華同憶錄》(二)「同法國事務部長馬爾羅的锬話」,香港:中文大學出版社,1981

劉述先及其【馬爾勞與中國】 【漢清講堂】 心得分享與討論會日期:2017年6月17日(周六),10:00~ 13:00 地址:台北市新生南路三段88 ...




老曹如何將這三本書"連結"起來,這是個好起點問題........

******

 曹欽榮等《流麻溝十五號:綠島女生分隊及其他》

流麻溝十五號:綠島女生分隊及其他


 「流麻溝十五號」是綠島思想犯共同的戶籍所在地。
  一九五○年代初,綠島新生訓導處曾經關過一批女思想犯,她們稱為「綠島女生分隊」。
  無法想像的監獄生活,出獄之日遙遙無期,對家人親友的掛念、對未來的茫然,衝擊著她們失去自由的心靈。出獄後,面對社會的歧視與生活的困苦,拼命求得一席之地。
  六十年後,我們終於聽到阿嬤們親口講出這些故事,透過僅存的書信、照片、記憶,帶我們回到那個荒謬的年代,一段如此獨特的女性生命史。
  張常美(省立台中商職一年級)──無辜的九十九人  老蔣說:「寧可錯殺一百個,也不要放掉一個」,我就是其中的九十九個。
  黃秋爽(台北靜修女中三年級)──我家七人被抓  我被判刑時,沒有拿到判決書,我爸爸也沒有判決書,因為家沒了,沒地址可以寄。
  張金杏(彰化大肚國小老師)──岩石縫長出的小草   我這個政治犯絕對要做給你看,我絕對要比那些沒有被關的人更厲害、做得更好,就是要走出來給你看。
  陳勤(台北福星國小老師)──天空在屋頂的那一端  原本期待燦爛歲月的未來,不料婚後不久即遭無妄之災,身繫囹圄五年六個月又十六天。
  藍張阿冬(女兒一歲襁褓中)──帶著一歲女兒入獄  他們來抓時,女兒才一歲多,我正抱著她餵奶,看他們一堆人進來,我的腳就軟了,手還抱著女兒吃奶。
  施水環(台北郵電局職員)──辭別尊顏,無日不思  當每晚夢見慈祥的媽媽跪在神前為了您兒女祈禱,我眼淚暗暗地濕透了枕頭,只有您的來信,無時在我的身,入睡前一定拿起重念一遍。
本書特色
  1.本書與《青島東路三號》同為鄭南榕基金會策劃,黃子欽裝禎設計,近期出版的還有《我的青春、我的Formosa》、《美援時代:鳥事並不如煙》等書,同以台灣近代生活為主題,是近期書市引人注目的話題焦點之一,也掀起許多年輕讀者重探台灣過去風貌的興趣。
  2.累積十多年、上百人次的採訪收集,篩選出最為完整的個人紀錄,並透過各種管道取得珍貴老照片、官方檔案、歷史影像、背景考證。白色恐怖時期非官方版的女性口述歷史,首次完整出版。
  3.書中收錄五位阿嬤的口述人生,有苦有樂、悲喜交集,跌宕起伏更甚小說情節,並佐以僅存的當時老照片及圖像,帶領讀者回到那個荒謬又現實的年代。書中最後一位主角施水環,是書中唯一一位被槍決的女性,只留下寫給家人的書信筆記以及生前照片,連死後的安葬地點皆不可考,但書信中她純潔的心靈與堅定的信念,令人動容。
  4.本書較少著墨於國族認同等政治議題,更多試圖探索女性柔軟的人格特質,從生活中積極奮鬥前進的精神。如同眾多猶太人及戰爭受難者的口述歷史,往往是受難後的自我療傷,而女性療癒歷史創傷的特殊意義,在本書中更得到彰顯。
作者簡介
曹欽榮
  鄭南榕基金會.紀念館董事兼執行長。成大工管系、北藝大博物館研究所畢,台灣游藝設計公司負責人。曾參與台北228紀念館1997年創館整體規劃、展示設計,自2001年參與綠島人權紀念園區規劃、文史採訪、展示設計。長期收集白色恐怖時期受難者口述歷史。
鄭南榕基金會
  鄭南榕基金會的成立,是為了紀念鄭南榕宣揚言論自由的理念,並促進台灣意識的覺醒,以推動台灣文化的振興。紀念館將鄭南榕自焚的自由時代雜誌社歷史現場,完整保存,並開放以供憑弔追思,館內陳列當時自由時代雜誌社的出版品,並定期舉辦相關活動,以見證箝制思想言論自由的時代。

目錄

關於流麻溝十五號
《流麻溝十五號》的時代背景
葉菊蘭序 向她們致敬
許章賢序 人權接力,一棒接一棒
曹欽榮序 前言及訪談記
張常美──無辜的九十九人
黃秋爽──我家七人被抓
張金杏──岩石縫長出的小草
陳勤──天空在屋頂的那一端
藍張阿冬、藍芸若──帶著一歲女兒入獄
施水環──辭別尊顏,無日不思



***

《青島東路三號:我的百年之憶及台灣的荒謬年代》

青島東路三號:我的百年之憶及台灣的荒謬年代,語言:繁體中文,ISBN:9789868807556,頁數:464,出版社:啟動文化,作者:顏世鴻,2012



1950年的青島東路三號,約是現在的台北喜來登飯店之地,當年是軍法處看守所,許多台灣精英知識分子,在這裡等待判決。侯孝賢電影《悲情城市》中,作家鍾理和之弟鍾浩東,即是從這裡走向馬場町的槍決之路,獄友在此傳唱「幌馬車之歌」紀念他。本書作者顏世鴻即為當年的見證人。
  是什麼樣的荒謬年代,會讓台灣知識份子陸續走進青島東路三號?
  幸運的人,下一站是監禁綠島;不幸的人,下一站則是血濺馬場町。
  本書作者顏世鴻當年在台大念書時因為看了幾本社會主義的書及小說,所以加入共產黨;他所接獲的第一個指示就是:「所有黨員都停止工作。」但是,他仍逃不過被捕的命運。被捕之後,台大宿舍傳說:「他離開的時候,像一個英雄好漢。」
  顏世鴻生於「叛匪之家」,1895年,祖父曾參加劉永福的義勇軍,在蕭□與日軍一戰,敗後只能心懷怨恨招日軍入府城。父親曾學醫,兩度被日本特高警察逮捕入獄。五舅張錫鈞是郵局轉電信局的報務員,後以「長江一號」聞名中國,
  他自己則被監禁於綠島、小琉球長達13年7個月,並且「背下每天走過我們眼前,或者不知如何而來的管道的消息累計血染馬場町刑場的『叛匪』的人數,如誦經般,為他們唱了一次又一次的〈安息吧,死難的同志〉。」
  1950年他被捕時,正當韓戰爆發,美軍第七艦隊駛入台灣海峽,中共派兵北韓無力攻台,因此,政府可以集中心力清除島內異己,三千名知識分子血濺馬場町。後來他到了綠島,因為從小只懂日語、河洛話,這時總算有機會好好學國語,同樣在綠島才學會國語的作家楊逵,就照顧顏世鴻隔壁的苗圃。
  「時間對年輕人是『期望』,在老年人卻是『期限』了。」他在八十歲時著手寫下本書, 總算完成為家族及獄友立傳的心願。讓歷史的歸歷史,也讓讀者知道,當年曾經有這樣一個台灣。
作者簡介
顏世鴻
  1927年次,涉入台灣省工作委員會學生工作委員會案(1950年9月16日判決,11人槍決),並因此坐牢13年7個月又2天(1950年6月21日於台大宿舍被捕,9月16日判刑12年,1962年7月28日離開綠島,轉送小琉球留訓,1964年1月21日離開小琉球)。現居台南。

目錄

序:我的舅舅顏世鴻(文∕米果)
導讀:青年春天的生命,驟然進入炎夏,也急速入秋(文∕曹欽榮)
自序
【前 言】二○○六年,霜降之后
【第一章】二○○五年,重回火燒島
【第二章】一八九五年,馬關條約之後的家世
【第三章】一九三七年,父親歸台之後二度被捕
【第四章】一九四五年,學徒兵生活及終戰
【第五章】一九四七年,戰後復學台大
【第六章】一九五○年六月,凌晨二時台大被捕
【第七章】一九五○年六月,延平北路北所問案
【第八章】一九五○年九月,青島東路三號軍法處判刑
【第九章】一九五○年十月,血濺馬場町
【第十章】一九五○年十月,葉盛吉在軍法處的遺書
【第十一章】一九五○年十一月,追憶死難者
【第十二章】一九五○年十二月,重回青島東路
【第十三章】一九五一年,火燒島記憶
【第十四章】一九七一年,霜降,追憶馬場町
【第十五章】二○○六年,回顧一生
【附錄一】
(一)不確定的年代
(二)日記.憶家族
(三)雜感
【附錄二】
(一)韓戰1:一觸即發,中美蘇各自盤算
(二)韓戰2:麥克阿瑟及杜魯門的誤判
(三)韓戰3:內戰?殖民地解放?關於自由的省思
【顏世鴻相關年表】
【編後記】
*****

主要小說:《仕女們看到河邊風景》




光復書局版,《波爾》Heinrich Böll,有寫給孫女的詩,給孩子的《終戰回憶錄:四輛腳踏車》,都很感人。(這本書有二精彩附錄,其一訪談,說到中國翻譯本比較嚴肅,台灣的翻譯品質不太令人滿意。) 此書傳主因為是世界筆會會長,接待出國的亞歷山大·索忍尼辛,所以有相當多資料。


政大

索爾仁尼琴(索忍尼辛)百年。
我要在臺灣的政治大學探討他、他的書、他在二十世紀歷史中的動力及定力.....他最後的頑固及頑強!
然,終究是向他表達我最大的敬意!
http://news.ltn.com.tw/news/world/breakingnews/2635269


This week's TLS is now available in shops, online and via our app: https://www.the-tls.co.uk/latest-edition/


*****索忍尼辛回憶錄
  • 譯者:王兆徽
  • 出版社:中華日報
  • 出版日:1993/1
A literary work is a reflection of its time and its author's origin and situation. Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn's works grew out of Russia's narrative traditions and reflect Soviet society. His debut, One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich, and several of his later works, focus on life in the Soviet gulag camps.

Alexandr Solzhenitsyn - Biographical - NobelPrize.org

https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1970/solzhenitsyn/auto-biography/




English


From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia



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The Gulag Archipelago





Author

Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn


Original title

Архипела́г ГУЛА́Г


Translator

Geneviève Johannet, José Johannet, Nikita Struve (French)

Thomas P. Whitney (English)

Country France
LanguageRussian

Publisher Éditions du Seuil

Publication date 1973

Published in English1974


Media type

Print (Hardback & Paperback)


ISBN

0-06-013914-5


OCLC

802879



Dewey Decimal

365/.45/0947


LC Class

HV9713 .S6413 1974



The Gulag Archipelago (Russian: Архипела́г ГУЛА́Г, Arkhipelág GULÁG) is a three-volume book written between 1958 and 1968 by Russian writer and historian Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn. It was first published in 1973, followed by an English translation the following year. It covers life in the gulag, the Soviet forced labour campsystem, through a narrative constructed from various sources, including Solzhenitsyn's own experience as a gulag prisoner, reports, interviews, statements, diaries, and legal documents.


Following its publication, the book initially circulated in samizdatunderground publication in the Soviet Union until its appearance in the literary journal Novy Mir in 1989, in which a third of the work was published in three issues.[1] Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, The Gulag Archipelago has been officially published, and since 2009, is mandatory reading as part of the Russian school curriculum.[2] A fiftieth anniversary edition will be released in 2018.


Contents

[hide]
1Structure and factual basis
2Historical impact of the text
3Publication
4Criticism
5TV documentary
6See also
7Notes
8References
9External links








-----


索忍尼辛回憶錄

****台灣黎明也有翻譯本......

古拉格群島》(俄語:Архипелаг Гулаг)是由蘇聯作家亞歷山大·索忍尼辛編著的一部反映蘇聯奴隸勞動和集中營故事的書。古拉格指的是蘇聯的集中營,實際上前蘇聯並沒有古拉格群島這個地理名稱,它是索忍尼辛的一種比喻說法,索忍尼辛把整個蘇聯比作海洋,在這個海洋上處處皆是監獄和集中營的島嶼,他把這些島嶼稱為古拉格群島。作者親自在古拉格集中營中生活過,並且是書中事件的目擊者和第一手材料的獲得者,出獄後採訪了270位人士,為書中所寫的事提供了證詞。本書創作於1962年至1973年間,於1973年在西方出版。在蘇聯公開出版本書的1989年之前,本書一直作為地下出版物在蘇聯流傳。

內容[編輯]

索爾仁尼琴一共列舉31種刑訊方法,從心理上的折磨到肉體上的摧殘無所不包、無所不用其極。秘密員警在生理上耗盡犯人的體力,在精神上徹底摧垮其僥倖心理。

評價[編輯]

俄羅斯總統普京:「這是一本非常需要的書。不研究書中所記錄的現實,我們無法全面了解我們的國家。不全面了解我們的國家,思考未來必將困難重重。」[1]
在中國,有理論認為《古拉格群島》記錄的不是前蘇聯體制改變人,而是消滅人的歷史。[2]

參考文獻

移至^ 普京為何將蘇聯禁書《古拉格群島》列中學教科書. 鳳凰網. [2012年9月3日] (中文(中國大陸)‎).
 不遺忘「消滅人」的歷史. 南都網. [2013-04-09] (中文(中國大陸)‎).
外部連結[編輯]

*****

収容所群島』(しゅうようじょぐんとう、Архипелаг ГУЛАГ、ラテン文字表記:Arkhipelag GULAG)は、ソ連作家アレクサンドル・ソルジェニーツィン記録文学
ソ連における、反革命分子とみなされた人々に対しての強制収容所グラグ(グラーグ)」への投獄、凄惨な拷問強制労働処刑の実態を告発する文学的ルポルタージュである。統制の厳しい本国では出版できず、1973年から1975年フランスで発売。各国語訳が進められた結果、人権上由々しき問題として大反響を巻き起こした。当然ながらソ連では禁書扱いされた。ソルジェニーツィン自身は、続刊が出版されている最中である1974年市民権を剥奪されて西ドイツ国外追放されている。
タイトルの「収容所群島」とは、広大なソ連領内の各地に点在する収容所の分布のありようを、大海中に点在する島々になぞらえた表現である。

日本語訳[編集]

  • ソルジェニーツィン 『収容所群島 1918-1956 文学的考察』(6巻) 木村浩訳、新潮社、1974年-1977年/新潮文庫、1975-1978年。2006年-2007年、ブッキングにて復刊。

『収容所群島』
(しゅうようじょぐんとう)
Архипелаг Гулаг
著者アレクサンドル・ソルジェニーツィン
訳者木村浩
発行日フランスの旗 1973年-1975年
発行元フランスの旗 YMCAプレス社
フランスの旗 フランス
言語ロシア語
公式サイトwww.solzhenitsyn.ru

網誌存檔