Kim Jiha (Korean: 김지하; 1941-) is a Korean poet and playwright.[1]
Contents
Life[edit]
Kim Jiha was born Kim Yeongil on February 4, 1941 in Mokpo, Jeollanam-do. As a university student, Kim took part in April Revolution demonstrations that toppled the regime of South Korean President Syngman Rhee in April 1960.[2] In March 1963, under the pen name Kim Jiha, he published the poem "Evening Story" (Jeonyeok iyagi) in the journal Mokpo Literature. In 1964, Kim took part in the demonstrations against the normalization treaty establishing diplomatic relations with Japan, for which he was briefly arrested.[3] In 1966, he graduated with a degree in Aesthetics from Seoul National University. He made his official literary debut in 1969.[1]
Kim was a dissident under the Park regime, in fact he took the pen-name Jiha because it is the Korean word for "underground".[4] Kim first came to widespread attention in May 1970 with his poem Five Bandits, which led to him being arrested under the Anti-Communist Law, though the poem says nothing about either communism or North Korea.[5] The title of Five Bandits is a reference to the "Five Traitors" who signed the treaty turning Korea into a Japanese protectorate in 1905.[6] In Five Bandits, Kim described how about "ten years ago" the eponymous bandits came to dominate South Korea, rapaciously devouring everything as they set out to loot the country.[6] The poem was published in May 1970 and General Park came to power in a coup d'etat in May 1961. One of the "five bandits" is described as a general who is a great Japanophile and who began his military career fighting for the Japanese in World War II; the character of the general was clearly supposed to be General Park, who was often expressed his admiration for Japanese militarism and who like the unnamed general fought for Japan in World War II, which is why the poem was promptly banned and Kim arrested.[6]
After accusing the regime of extracting false confessions with the use of torture, he was tried and sentenced to death in 1974, which was commuted to a life sentence and eventual release following a public outcry. When he further accused the government of using torture to get confessions in the 1974 People's Revolutionary Party case, he was once again sent to prison and his life sentence renewed.[7] He was subject to torture himself.[8] As a Catholic, he compared the suffering of the Korean people with the greater suffering of Jesus Christ.[citation needed] His poem “Five Thieves”, critical of the government, was subject to censorship, as the entire issue of Sasangye magazine in which it was printed was pulled from circulation.[8]
Work[edit]
From his first collection, The Yellow Earth, to his collection of lyrical poetry, Looking up at a Starry Field, Kim has displayed a broad literary range including both narrative and lyrical poems, ballads, taeseol, drama, and prose. His works also cover the full gamut of religious thought and philosophy, from the Donghak, to the Catholic, Jeungsan, Avatamska, Zen, and Maitraya tradition.[1]
The majority of Kim’s poems also present satirical social critiques. In The Yellow Earth and With a Burning Thirst, the poet offers a scathing invective of society through the medium of lyric poetry. In ballads such as "Five Bandits" (Ojeok) and "Groundless Rumors", he employs a pansori rhythm and occasionally obscure classical Chinese characters to satirize the misdeeds and corruption of those in power. The pansori rhythm is present again in A Rain Cloud in these Days of Drought, a collection of narrative poems that examine the life and death of Choi Jeu. Love Thy Neighbor, when compared to Kim's earlier works, focuses more directly on the notion of romantic love, thus marking a turning point in the poet’s thematic focus. Looking up at a Starry Field and The Agony of the Center reflect this shifting thematic interest in their lyrical content and intent in relating the individual’s interior monologue. These works also reveal a strong undercurrent of Romanticism, in focusing more deliberately on the poet’s desire to connect with nature than on his discontent with society.[1]
In the 1980s Kim's poetry and thought underwent yet another transfiguration. Distancing himself from the struggle of the labor movement then the dominant theme of the era, the poet was able to develop a fresh perspective on life.[1]
In his play The Gold-Crowned Jesus[9] a leper, the most despised outcast class in Korea, encounters the imprisoned Jesus. Jesus tells the leper that he must help liberate Him. By helping the poor, the gold crown of Jesus will be removed and His lips freed to speak.
Awards and honors[edit]
- 1975 Lotus Prize for Literature[10]
- 1981 'Grand Poet Prize' at the International Poets' Conference.[1]
Works in translation[edit]
- "Aufgehen der Knospe" (German Language)
- Heart's Agony: Selected Poems of Chiha Kim (1998)
- Cry of the People and Other Poems (1974)
- The Middle Hour: Selected Poems (1980)
- The Gold-Crowned Jesus and Other Writings (1978)
- Five Thieves (Thai translation by Jiranant Phitpreecha in 1989)
Works[edit]
- The Yellow Earth, With a Burning Thirst, South (Nam)
- Love Thy Neighbor 1-2 (Aerin 1-2),
- Black Mountain, White Room (Geomeun san hayan bang),
- A Rain Cloud in These Days of Drought (I gamun nare bigureum),
- My Mother (Naui eomeoni),
- Looking up at a Starry Field (Byeolbateul ureoreumyeo),
- The Agony of the Center (Jungsimui goeroum),
- Rice (Bap),
- Boat Songs of the South Land (Namnyeokttang baennorae), and Livelihood (Sallim).
金芝河（韓語：김지하，1941年2月4日－）本名金英一（김영일），出生於日治朝鮮全羅南道木浦市大安洞，畢業於首爾大學，為大韓民國詩人、思想家、社會活動家。芝河一名由來係發音與韓國語「地下」相同，有代表與主流當權抗衡之意在。
生平[編輯]
1941年，金芝河出生在日治朝鮮全羅南道木浦市大安洞，他的父親是電影攝影師。金芝河中學時期開始寫詩，在漢城大學美術學院美術學科學習時，陸續發表自己的作品。
1960年，金芝河組織了韓國四一九革命，抗議和推翻李承晚政府，遭到政府拘留。
1961年，5·16軍事政變開始之後，朴正熙政權上台，反政府活動被鎮壓。
1964年，金芝河組織了漢城大學反對「日韓會談」的鬥爭。
1966年，金芝河大學畢業，到了江原道的一個煤礦做了一名礦工。
1970年，朴正熙政府頒布「反共法」，金芝河發表詩作《五賊》[註 1] 在《思想界》上，朴正熙認為金芝河是共產黨，金芝河遭到政府拘留，羈押在監獄，被譽為「五賊筆禍事件」。
1974年，金芝河在監獄裡寫下《苦行》、《良心的宣言》、《最後的陳述》。金芝河入獄之後，大江健三郎、鶴見俊輔在國際社會發表意見，要求當局釋放金芝河。[1]
1980年12月，金芝河被釋放，8年的監獄生活告一段落。
作品[編輯]
- 《五族黃土蜚語》（青木書店、1972）
- 《金芝河詩集》（青木書店、1974）
- 《民眾之聲》（サイマ兒出版會、1974）
- 《不歸》（中央公論社、1975）
- 《良心宣言》（大月書店、1975）
- 《深夜》（土曜美術社、1976）
- 《獄中》（大月書店、1977）
- 《苦行》（中央公論社、1978）
- 《飯·活人》（御茶の水書房、1989）
- 《金芝河語錄》（協同圖書店、1995）
- 《傷痕に咲いた花》（毎日新聞社、2004）
- 《長い暗闇の彼方に》（中央公論社、1971）
不帰 : 金芝河作品集中央公論社 1977
韓国の「抵抗詩人」金芝河（キム・ジハ）氏に聞く
－－韓国の｢抵抗詩人」として著名な金芝河氏が元気な姿を見せた。７月８日の信濃毎日新聞に掲載されたインタビュー記事によれば、日本や中国、朝鮮半島、ベトナムなど東アジア各国が相互理解を進め、平和を目指すネットワーク・「東アジア共同体」を提唱しているという。 韓国という風土が生んだ鋭い感性と、土着の思想に再び耳を傾けたい。（Ｆ）
「抵抗詩人」として知られる韓国の思想家、詩人の金芝河さん（63）が講演集の出版を記念して来日。共同通信とのインタビューで「東アジアの共同体」の視点から国際平和を考える大切さを強調した。
－提唱している「東アジア共同体」とは。
「日本や中国、朝鮮半島、ベトナムなど東アジア各国が相互理解を進め、平和を目指すネットワーク、共同体だ。民族の個性を認めながら、国と国とが互いに恩恵や利益を与え合い、共生を試みる。個人でも市民活動などを通じて可能だと思う」
－韓国では、盧武鉉大統領が民主化運動で投獄経験もある李海贊氏を首相に選んだ。
「着実な政権運営を期待するが、韓国の政治は激動が続いている。性急な判断を避け、諸問題に対して慎重に対処するのがいい」
－日本の小泉政権をどう考えるか。
「改革は政治手腕の一つと評価できるかもしれないが、自衛隊のイラク派遣や多国籍軍参加など、プロセスが早すぎる。朝鮮半島に影響するのはもちろん、中国やロシアなど北東アジア全域の民族を刺激している。平常心から出発するという政治の原点を忘れてしまったのではないか」
－北朝鮮による日本人拉致事件については。
「もちろん北朝鮮の間違いで、一刻も早く解決されるべきだ。しかし、日本の一部に、事件を口実にして軍事力強化を推し進めようとする勢力があることを懸念する」
－朝鮮半島統一についての見通しは。
「韓国側が統一を望んでおり、北朝鮮も条件次第では同意する可能性がある。しかし、南北関係は周辺地域が絡み、大変複雑だ。現段階で展望することは難しい」
See this image金芝河 (1976年) (三一新書) Paperback Shinsho – Antique Books, January 1, 1976
by 室 謙二 (編集)
See this image金芝河詩集 Tankobon Hardcover
by 姜舜 (翻譯)305 pages
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