2015年11月2日 星期一

Michael Polanyi，1891—1976：Beyond Nihilism；科學．信仰與社會 {社會、經和哲學：波蘭尼文選}






我打算在11月18日上午舉辦紀念Peter Drucker的討論會。
內容談他與W. Edwards Deming的"日本論"，他獨特的日本繪畫論。更集中注意力談 Peter Drucker的著作，譬如說回憶錄《旁觀者》和他好友認為最好的《不連續的時代》。
特邀曹永洋、戴久永等老師參與討論。
《旁觀者》的群英錄都很獨特，翻翻Polanyi一家，對老Polanyi的教育讚嘆。我對最小的兒子Michael Pplanyi有些研究，可Drucker說他最有名的著作是：Beyond Nihilism By M Polanyi，這我還沒讀過，慚愧。
----謹以此小文送曹永洋學長，他今天來訪。



半夜拿出 M. Polanyi 作品選等書，發現Beyond Nihilism 收錄在1969年的Knowing and Being. Edited by Marjorie Grene. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.首篇：當時的思路和文字之犀利、連貫，真是大師風範。


Beyond Nihilism

by Polanyi ,M
Book Description
Cambridge University Press, 1960 13 th, Eddington lecture neatly written in ink on front cover.


Polanyi Chronology

MEP = synopsis of Polanyi's life assembled by his wife, Magda E. Polanyi.
yearagedetail
1891Born in Budapest, Hungary, [March 11/12] (TD, opposite title page) of Viennese parents (family name changed from "Pollacsek" to "Polanyi" to sound more Magyar).
18998"His father, who had been a civil engineer and was constructing and financing railways in Hungary, lost all his money" (MEP).
190514"The father died and Polanyi earned his living from that time by tutoring richer schoolmates" (MEP).
191322"He left Budapest in 1913 and entered the Technical University in Karlsruhe, Germany, in order to study Chemistry" (MEP).
191423
  • Received doctoral degree in Medicine from the University of Budapest.
  • First paper on adsorption published (K&B, 87).
191423Medical officer in the Austro-Hungarian Army, 1914 to 1918 (K&B, 89). "His studies in Karlsruhe were interrupted in 1914 by the outbreak of the First World War; he joined the Austro-Hungarian army as a surgeon" (MEP).
191524
191625
191726Theory of adsorption accepted as Ph.D. thesis in Physical Chemistry at University of Budapest thanks to the "complete ignorance of the professor of theoretical physics" (K&B, 93).
191827"In 1918 he acted as a lecturer at the University of Budapest under Professor G. von Hevesy" (MEP).
191928Baptized a Catholic (apparently for the sake of convenience; Scott, "Religious Reality," 86). "In September 1919 he again went to Karlsruhe, working on theoretical studies in reaction velocity" (MEP).
192029Institute of Fibre Chemistry in Berlin-Dahlem (crystals, K&B, 97). "From September 1920 at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Textile Chemistry, Berlin, he established the structure of cellulose, devised the Rotating Crystal Method for X-ray diagrams" (MEP).
192332Institute of Physcal Chemistry (reaction kinetics, K&B, 104). "In 1923 he became departmental Head under Haber at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physical and Electro-Chemistry. He also became a Privatdozent at the University, Berlin" (MEP).
192635"Conferment of the title of Professor" (MEP).
192937Made Life Member of Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Physical Chemistry (TD, opposite title page). "After the second World War, the Kaiser Wilhelm Gesellschaft was re-named Max Planck Gesellschaft. Göttingen, Germany" (MEP).
193039Joint paper with London, based on quantum-mechanical resonance and "inverse third power law" (K&B, 90).
193241
  • Atomic Reactions. London: Williams and Norgate, 1932.
  • November: preparing to resign (MEP).
  • December: "accepted the Chair of Physical Chemistry in the University of Manchester, England" (MEP).
193342
  • Fled Hitler's persecution of the Jews.
  • Elected Professor of Physical Chemistry at the Victoria University of Manchester, England (TD, opposite title page).
  • "Foreign Member of the Society of Science, Letters, and Arts, Naples" (MEP).
193544"I first met questions of philosophy when I came up against the Soviet ideology under Stalin which denied justification to the pursuit of science" (TD, 3). In this decade, Polanyi also moved from chemistry to economics and social analysis.
193645USSR Economics: Fundamental Data, System and Spirit. Manchester University Press, 25 pp.
193847"In 1938 (?) asked by Professor [George P. Thomson] to take charge of the British section of the Atomic Project. He declined, as all the names were those of refugees who were put on a "hopeless project." A grave misjudgment" (MEP). [MXM: Bill Scott and Monika Tobin could not confirm this claim by Magda.]
194049The Contempt of Freedom. London: Watts and Company, 1940.
194453Fellow of the Royal Society
194554
  • Full Employment and Free Trade. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Riddell Lecturer.
194655
194756
  • Science, Faith and Society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Lloyd Roberts Lecturer, Manchester.
194857
  • " . . . retired from the professional pursuit of science to take up philosophy" (K&B, 87). "Manchester University has made it possible for me to accept the invitation of Aberdeen and to spend nine years almost exclusively on the preparation of this book. The generosity of Senate and Council in allowing me to exchange my Chair of Physical Chemistry for a Professorial appointment without lecturing duties . . . " (PK, ix). The appointment was in the Faculty of Economics and Social Studies (MPSP, 211).
  • " . . . I turned to philosophy as an afterthought to my career as a scientist" (TD, 3).
194958"Made Foreign Life Member of the Max Planck Gessellschaft" (MEP).
195059
  • Alexander White Visiting Professor at the University of Chicago" (MEP).
  • " . . . has lectured since then, as Visiting Professor or Senior Fellow, at the universities of Chicago, Aberdeen, Virginia, Stanford, and Merton College, Oxford" (TD, opposite title page).
  • "Scientific Beliefs," Ethics 61 (1950) 27-37.
  • "This work owes much to Dr. Marjorie Grene. The moment we first talked about it in Chicago in 1950 she seemed to have guessed my whole purpose, and ever since she has never ceased to help its pursuit. Setting aside her own work as a philosopher, she has devoted herself for years to the service of the present enquiry. Our discussions have catalysed its progress at every stage and there is hardly a page that has not benefited from her criticism. She has a share in anything that I may have achieved here" (PK, ix).
195160
  • The Logic of Liberty: Reflections and Rejoinders. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
  • Gifford Lectures, University of Aberdeen, 1951-1952 (basis of Personal Knowledge, PK ix).
195261
195362"Science and Conscience," Religion in Life 23 (1953) 47-58.
195463Visiting Professor at the University of Chicago
195867
  • Personal Knowledge: Towards a Post-Critical Philosophy (epistemology; endorsed Protestant theology). Chicago, University of Chicago Press.
  • "Lindsay Lecturer. First Lindsay Memorial Lecture, Keele University" (MEP).
195968
  • The Study of Man -- "a theory of historiography" (TD, ix). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Senior Research Fellowship at Merton College, 1959-1961
196069
  • "Beyond Nihilism," Encounter 14 (1960) 34-43, reprinted in K&B, 3-23.
  • "Eddington Lecturer, Cambridge University" (MEP).
  • "Gunning Lecturer at the University of Edinburgh" (MEP).
  • "J. C. Bose Lecturer, Calcutta" (MEP).
196170
  • "Distinguished Research Fellow at the University of Virginia" (MEP). First public lectures on the substance of The Tacit Dimension (TD, acknowledgments).
  • "McEnnerny [sp?] Lecture at Berkeley, California" (MEP).
  • "Faith and Reason," The Journal of Religion 41 (1961) 237-47.
  • "Knowing and Being," Mind 70 (1961) 458-70, reprinted in K&B, 123-37.
196271
  • Terry Lectures at Yale, from which The Tacit Dimension was developed (TD, acknowledgments; Mullins disagrees).
  • "Made Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Science" (MEP).
196271
  • "The Unaccountable Element in Science," Philosophy 37 (1962) 1-14, reprinted in K&B, 105-120.
  • "The Republic of Science: Its Political and Economic Theory," Minerva 1 (1962) 54-73, reprinted in K&B, 49-72.
  • "Tacit Knowing: Its Bearing on Some Problems of Philosophy," Review of Modern Physics 34 (1962) 601-616, reprinted in K&B, 159-180.
  • "Terry Lecturer at Yale" (MEP).
  • "Elected a Member of the International Acadmey of Philosophy of Science" (MEP).
196271"Fellow for the Center for Advanced Studies on Behavioral Science, Stanford University," 1962-1963 (MEP).
196372"Science and Religion: Separate Dimension or Common Ground?" Philosophy Today 7 (1963) 4-14.
196473
  • Duke University Lectures, February-March.
  • "James Duke Visiting Professor at Duke Univeristy, North Carolina" (MEP).
  • Center for Advanced Studies in the Behavioral Sciences at Palo Alto (TD, acknowledgments).
196574
  • Senior Fellow at the Center for Advanced Studies at Wesleyan University, 1965-1966 (TD, opposite title page).
  • "The Structure of Consciousness," Brain 88 (1965) 799-810, reprinted in K&B, 211-224.
196675
  • The Tacit Dimension. New York: Doubleday and Company. "The present volume is the first account in book form of the work done during these nine years. The delay was caused by hope and by fear. The lure of the next bend behind which new sights might appear distracts us from the labor of taking stock, and the effect of this distraction is reinforced by the anxiety that our theories might be defeated at the next turn" (TD, ix).
  • "The Logic of Tacit Inference," Philosophy 41 (1966) 1-16, reprinted in K&B, 138-158.
  • "Faith and Reason," Journal of Religion 41 (1961), reprinted in Scientific Thought and Social Reality.
196776
  • "The Growth of Science in Society," Minerva 5 (1967) 533-545, reprinted in K&B, 73-86.
  • "Sense-Giving and Sense-Reading," Philosophy 12 (1967) 301-321, reprinted in K&B, 181-207.
  • "Visiting Professor at the University of Chicago" (MEP).
196877"Life's Irreducible Structure," Science 160 (1968) 1308-1312, reprinted in K&B, 225-239.
196978
  • Knowing and Being. Edited by Marjorie Grene. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • "On Body and Mind," New Scholasticism 43 (1969) 195-204.
197079"Nuffield Gold Medal, Royal Society of Medicine" (MEP).
197180"Visiting Professor at Austin University, Texas" (MEP).
197483Scientific Thought and Social Reality: Essays by Michael Polanyi, edited by Fred Schwartz. New York: International Universities Press.
197584Meaning, with Harry Prosch (dealing, in part , with aesthetics). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
197685Died February 22.
1977William T. Scott, a physicist, began work on Polanyi's biography.
1997Martin X. Moleski, SJ, a theologian, began to rewrite Scott's manuscript.
1999Scott died on February 22--twenty-three years to the day after Polanyi died.
2005Michael Polanyi: Scientist and Philosopher (Oxford University Press) by William T. Scott and Martin X. Moleski, SJ.
2015Polanyi Society wiki opened.

科學．信仰與社會

作為20世紀歐洲卓越的科學家和哲學家，邁克爾‧波蘭尼(NiChael P01anyi，189l—1976)憑其著名的意會(tacit)認知理論和富有人性的科學哲學觀引發了現代認識論上一場根本性的變革。

《科學、信仰和社會》是根據1946年波蘭尼在英國達勒姆大學(University of Durham)發表的路德演講結成的集子，該書是波蘭尼第一部系統的科學哲學著作，可說是波蘭尼哲學生涯的開端，波氏在其中首次闡明了自己哲學的總體輪 廓，同時也為他最主要的作品《個人知識》一書做了一些基礎性的工作。該系列演講概括地陳述了波蘭尼的科學觀，包括科學發現的性質和特點以及通過發現的正確 道路，首次將科學客觀性的問題放在一個大的語境中加以討論。從而使人們意識到有必要在這個大的語境中重新考慮一些問題，這就是波氏關于知識的理論的起點。

詳細資料


  • 叢書系列：當代學術稜鏡譯叢
  • 規格：平裝 / 222頁 / 14cmX20cm / 普級 / 單色 / 初版
  • 出版地：大陸

目錄


總序
代譯序 科學、個人知識與意會認知
科學、信仰與社會
前言 背景與展望
第一章 科學與實在
第二章 權威與良心
第三章 奉獻與奴役
書目說明
附錄
人之研究
科學共和國及其政治和經濟理論
身體與精神
意識的結構

序


科學、個人知識與意會認知
——波蘭尼哲學評述

邁克爾‧波蘭尼是20世紀英國著名的科學哲學家，早在1984年前後，我就萌發了專題引介和研究這位大師級西方思想家的念頭。波蘭尼與哈耶克、波普爾同被 譽為“朝聖山三巨星”，他以富有人性的科學觀和意會（tacit）認知理論在國際學術界引人注目，尤其憑其意會認知論被學界譽為“當代認識論中的哥白尼 ”。此外，波蘭尼所提出的非言傳的意會整合思想已日益成為當代哲學認識論研究中常見的主題之一。但這些年來，關于波蘭尼生平及思想的研究在國內學界始終沉 寂，包括對波氏最具代表性的意會認知理論的研究和認識，始終沒能在國內哲學界形成理論共識。本文僅就波蘭尼意會認知論的深層邏輯構架及其在當代認識論研究 中的前沿意義發表一些不甚成熟的看法，求教于學術界同仁，但望拋磚引玉。

（一）

邁克爾‧波蘭尼（Michael Polanyi，1891—1976）1891年3月11日出生于多瑙河邊的布達佩斯城。這是一個溫文爾雅的猶太家庭——波蘭尼的父親是工程師兼小商人， 母親則為布達佩斯一家德文報紙撰寫時裝專欄。富足並且頗具文化氛圍的家庭生活不僅使小波蘭尼衣食無憂，而且很早就接受了廣博的文化燻陶和教育，迅速成長為 一個思想活躍的匈牙利青年。

19世紀末的奧匈帝國正處在自命為“老派人物中最後一個君主”的法蘭西‧約瑟夫皇帝統治之下，他對民主思想和國內各民族的獨立願望始終持著敵對的態度，這 種政治土壤無疑在匈牙利熱血青年中激發出強烈的獨立夢想。早在進人布達佩斯大學學醫之前，波蘭尼便已涉足文學和政治活動，與其兄（其中包括後來成為世界著 名經濟學家的卡爾‧波蘭尼（Karl Polanyi），著有《大轉變》一書）一起創建了一個民族主義團體，呼吁在奧匈帝國背景下堅持文化傳統，建立獨立的匈牙利國家。此時，波蘭尼對政治與社 會的熱情和敏銳已初露端倪。

好景不長，老波蘭尼的早亡使這個小康家庭的經濟情況陷人危機，這可能也是促使波蘭尼選擇學醫的決定性原因。年輕的波蘭尼進人布達佩斯大學學習醫學，並于 1913年取得醫學博士的學位；稍後，波蘭尼開始從事熱力學領域的研究，于1917年獲得布達佩斯大學化學博士學位。1914年，第一次世界大戰爆發，波 蘭尼加人奧匈帝國軍隊，擔任一名軍醫。坦白地說，波蘭尼的整個軍旅生涯乏善可陳，作為軍醫，他自已的健康狀況十分糟糕，曾長期住院治療。不過，恰是在這段 住院治療期間，波蘭尼繼續寫作化學領域的論文，為其戰後成為物理化學家奠定了基礎。

……



{社會、經濟和哲學：波蘭尼文選} 等

2006教師節感恩錄

＊ 謝謝陳長仁老師和學生的購書。
＊ 謝謝Justing 的葡萄露
＊ 謝謝 Weilly 的電腦聊天
＊ 謝謝 Hans的 printer裝置指引
＊ 謝謝送文： Bruce的外交家、玉燕的余光中、老辜的{金光黨}、

Julie的影片
＊ 何先生的討論電子期刊之可能和其他忠樸相關資訊
＊ 某書店之書籍訂單
-----
進書：
1伊藤公雄 橋本滿 (你好社會學：社會學是文化學習)北京：社會科學文獻，2006。 案：Culture Study似乎不是文化學習，而是文化研究。
2 蒙田{雷蒙‧塞邦贊}上海：三聯，2006
3 K. Polanyi濟{社會、經和哲學：波蘭尼文選} 北京：商務印書館，2006。案： 這本書給我編{戴明文選}一些啟迪。
4. 許淵冲{翻譯的藝術}北京：五洲傳播，2006
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