遵生八箋 John Dudgeon (1837 – 1901)

遵生八箋

《遵生八箋》，明朝飬生家高濂所著，萬曆十九年（1591年）初刊，為養生專著，包含山川逸游、花鳥蟲魚、琴樂書畫、筆墨紙硯、文物鑑賞等，全書分八目共二十卷，計有：

1. 清修妙論箋：摘錄名言確論250餘則。
2. 四時調攝箋：分春、夏、秋、冬四卷。
3. 起居安樂箋：由《恬適自足條》、《居室安處條》、《晨昏怡養條》、《溪山逸遊條》、《賓朋交接條》等組成。
4. 延年卻病箋：有《修養五臟坐功法》、《治百病坐功法》、《八段錦導引法》等。
5. 飲饌服食箋：收錄3253種飲食和24種日常保健藥方，以及15種專論。
6. 燕問清賞箋：寓養生於賞鑒清玩，陶冶性情。其中有〈瓶花三說〉即「瓶花之宜」、「瓶花之忌」與「瓶花之法」，是世界上最早的插花藝術論著。
7. 靈秘丹藥箋：收錄醫藥方劑百餘種。
8. 塵外遐舉箋：收錄塵外高隱百人，力求「心無所營，物無容擾……養壽怡生」。

有清嘉慶十五年（1810年）弦雪居重訂本等。1895年美·德貞（J·Dudgeon）將此書譯成英文。卷十一至卷十三和卷十二中「野蔌類九十六種」曾分別以《飲饌服食箋》和《野蔌品》為名出版。

John Dudgeon (1837 – 1901) was a Scottish physician who spent nearly 40 years in China as a doctor, surgeon, translator, and medical missionary.

Dudgeon attended the University of Edinburgh and the University of Glasgow, in the latter of which he graduated M.D. and Master of Surgery in 1862. In 1863, he was appointed to the Medical Mission of the London Missionary Society to serve at the hospital in Peking established by William Lockhart, arriving in China in December 1863. He was also Medical Attendant to the British Legation in Peking (modern-day Beijing) from 1864-1868. Dudgeon was appointed Professor of Anatomy and Physiology at the Imperial College (Tongwen guan) during the 1870s and 1880s. In Wanderings in China, Constance Frederica Gordon Cumming wrote:

Even when the health of the city is at its normal condition the cares of such a hospital as this are serious, and to me it is a source of amazement how Dr. Dudgeon gets through his daily work. To begin with he must personally prescribe for, on an average, 120 hospital patients every morning, besides an extensive outside practice, which includes several of the foreign Legations, and involves driving long distances in the blazing heat and in the horrible springless carts. Two hours a day are devoted to translating useful books into Chinese with his students, besides the labour of preparing and delivering his lectures at the Government College.

He was an accomplished Chinese scholar, and during his long residence at Pekin he studied the manners and customs of the inhabitants, and the semi-annual reports that he forwarded to theChinese Maritime Customs Service contain a large amount of valuable information regarding the climatic condition, physical features and drainage, and general habits of the people bearing upon health. He was the author of an Historical Sketch of the Ecclesiastical, Political, and Commercial Relation of Russia with China, of a Chinese work 脱影奇观 On the Principles and Practice of Photography, the first of its kind, and of an article in the Pekin Magazine (in Chinese) on the virtues of quinine, in which he pointed out the dangers of the imported spurious article. To theChinese Medical Journal he contributed papers on A Modern Chinese Anatomist, and A Chapter on Chinese Surgery. He also made several contributions to other medical journals, especially on subjects connected with the medical practice and materia medica of China. Various editions of his Kung Fu books are still available to purchase : "Kung Fu or Taoist Medical Gymnastics: The Art of Shaolin Kung Fu, Traditional Chinese Medicine and Qigong Beginning Practice" and "Chinese healing arts: Internal Kung-Fu" co authored with William Berk. Over a period of 10 years he translated both Gray's Anatomy and Holden's Osteology into an 18 volume Chinese edition.

Dudgeon said that in China, "Infanticide does not prevail to the extent so generally believed among us, and in the north it does not exist at all."^[1]

Dudgeon resigned from the London Mission Society in 1884 after conflicts over the prioritisation of evangelical and medical work. Thereafter he continued in private practice in Peking until his death in February 1901.

References[edit]

This article incorporates text from an obituary published in The British Medical Journal, March 16, 1901, now in the public domain.

• Nick Pearce, Photographs of Peking, China 1861-1908: An inventory and description of the Yetts collection at the University of Durham. Through Peking with a Camera (Lampeter: Edwin Mellen Press, 2005 ISBN 0-7734-6090-X) Biographical sketch of Dudgeon on pp. 24–32.

1. Jump up^ William Hamilton Jefferys (1910). The Diseases of China, including Formosa and Korea. PHILADELPHIA 1012 WALNUT STREET: P. Blakiston's son & Co. p. 258. Retrieved Dec 20, 2011.Chinese children make delightful patients. They respond readily to kindness and are in every way satisfactory from a professional point of view. Not infrequently simply good feeding and plenty of oxygen will work the most marvellous cures. Permission is almost invariably asked to remain with the child in the hospital, and it is far better to grant the request, since, after a few days when all is well and the child is happy, the adult will gladly enough withdraw. Meanwhile, much has been gained. Whereas the effort to argue parents into leaving a child at once and the difficulty of winning the frightened child are enormous. The Chinese infant usually has a pretty good start in life. "Infanticide does not prevail to the extent so generally believed among us, and in the north it does not exist at all."—Dudgeon, Peking.