Virgil 維吉爾《埃涅阿斯紀》The Aeneid、墓誌銘：「…….我歌唱過牧場、田園和領袖。」分別指他的三本主要詩作：《牧歌》、《農事詩》、《牧歌》、《農事詩》，《埃涅阿斯紀》章義

西元前19年的今天，普布利烏斯·維吉利烏斯·馬羅在羅馬帝國布倫迪西烏去世（享年50歲）。「萬歲，偉大的亡靈之首；永別了！」「Salve aeternum mihi, maxime Palla, Aeternumque vale.” ——摘自維吉爾《埃涅阿斯紀》第十一卷（西元前29-19年）在戲劇性和敘事力量方面，維吉爾的《埃涅阿斯紀》與荷馬的偉大前輩《伊利亞德》和《奧德賽》不相上下。然而，它超越了它們，因為它對書中人物展現了深切的同情——正是這種同情，使得埃涅阿斯逃離特洛伊、尋找新家園、狄多的愛情與死亡、圖爾努斯的戰敗以及羅馬的建立等事件，成為文學史上最令人難忘的篇章。羅伯特·菲茨傑拉德的這部著名譯作，充分展現了羅馬帝國最偉大的文學藝術作品的流暢、清晰和莊嚴氣勢。刻有維吉爾詩句的書寫板羅馬不列顛，西元1世紀末或2世紀初溫多蘭達羅馬堡（今諾森伯蘭郡切斯特霍爾姆）在溫多蘭達的指揮官官邸（總督府）裡，可能是在塞里亞利斯及其家人佔領期間，有人取走了一塊木製書寫板，上面寫著一封私人信件，但尚未完成。他們在書寫板背面用相當工整的筆跡，寫下了維吉爾《埃涅阿斯紀》後半部（9.473）的一整行詩句。這顯然不是一句容易記住的詩句，這不禁讓我們思考：溫多蘭達是否有維吉爾的文本？它們是否像常見的紙莎草紙一樣，被用來練習書寫？是誰寫的？是塞里亞利斯的子女嗎？ A.K.鮑曼，《羅馬人的生活與書信》（倫敦，大英博物館出版社，1994 年）
BBC Radio 4

Need to impress someone soon? Why not drop Virgil in the conversation...

What did the Aeneid ever do for us?
Read all about it here in our not-terribly-serious guide.

BBC.IN
Everyman's Library
Publius Vergilius Maro died in Brundisium, Roman Empire on this day in 19 BC (age 50).
"Hail, mighty firstling of the dead;
Hail and farewell for aye!"

"Salve aeternum mihi, maxime Palla,
Aeternumque vale."
--from Book XI, "Aeneid" (29–19 BC) by Virgil
In dramatic and narrative power, Virgil’s Aeneid is the equal of its great Homeric predecessors, The Iliad and The Odyssey. It surpasses them, however, in the intense sympathy it displays for its human actors–a sympathy that makes events such as Aeneas’s escape from Troy and search for a new homeland, the passion and the death of Dido, the defeat of Turnus, and the founding of Rome among the most memorable in literature. This celebrated translation by Robert Fitzgerald does full justice to the speed, clarity, and stately grandeur of the Roman Empire’s most magnificent literary work of art.

Writing-tablet with a line from Virgil

Roman Britain, late 1st or early 2nd century AD
Vindolanda Roman fort (modern Chesterholm), Northumberland
In the commanding officer's residence (praetorium) at Vindolanda, probably during the occupation by Cerialis and his family, someone took a wooden writing-tablet on which a private letter had been begun, but not finished. They wrote on the back of it, in a rather good hand, a complete line from the second half of Virgil's Aeneid (9.473).
It was certainly not a readily memorable line, which makes us wonder: Were the texts of Virgil available at Vindolanda? Were they used for writing practice as is commonly found on papyri? By whom? Cerialis' children?
A.K. Bowman, Life and letters on the Roman (London, The British Museum Press, 1994)

British Museum

Roman poet Virgil was born ‪#‎onthisday‬ in 70 BC. His Aeneid reached every part of the empire! http://ow.ly/CJO21

Books Features
ESSAY

By MARY BEARD

There’s a lot in the Roman literary world that seems familiar: money-making booksellers, exploited authors.

Daily Highlights Wednesday, October 15, 2008

Spotlight
楊周翰譯本等


Bust of Virgil, Displayed in Rome

Virgil, the poet who wrote the epic poem Aeneid, was born on this date in 70 BCE. The poem told the story of Aeneas, who, in Greek mythology, escaped Troy after the Trojan War and eventually made his way to Italy where his descendants founded Rome. Virgil died before he could finish his poem, which was 12 books long; though the poem is considered complete, many of the lines are unfinished. The most famous translation of the Aeneid is by John Dryden, the 17th-century English poet.

Quote

"Do not yield to misfortunes, but advance more boldly to meet them, as your fortune permits you." — Virgil

The Aeneid of Virgil, Translated by John Dryden, Selections, edited by Bruce Pattison

濟慈1795-1821年輕的時代也翻譯拉丁文名詩(維吉爾Virgil的)，年表(Keats’s Life)1811年第2行”Finish translating The Aeneid. (KEATS POETICAL WORKS, edited by H. W. Grrod, OUP, p.xxvii)。----似乎沒出版？

狄德罗Denis Diderot 認為：The Aeneid (əˈniːɪd; in Latin Aeneis, pronounced ... Aeneidos is a Latin epic poem written by Virgil in the late 1st century BC (29 ...)最美的一句是：卷一第462行。(兩處翻譯卻天差地別啦！2014年10.6決定抄出，送港民.....)

He halted, and said, with tears: ‘What place is there,
Achates, what region of earth not full of our hardships?
See, Priam! Here too virtue has its rewards, here too
there are tears for events, and mortal things touch the heart.
Lose your fears: this fame will bring you benefit.’

BkI:458-462
Translated by A. S. Kline © 2002 All Rights Reserved

即使在這裡，光榮也仍然獲得應得的報償；人生不幸的事也仍然贏得同情之淚；生活的痛苦也仍然打動人心。不要害怕，我們在他們眼中並不陌生，我們是相當安全的。(楊周翰譯)
http://hcbooks.blogspot.tw/2010/10/blog-post_07.html

Virgil:Aeneid I - Poetry In Translation
www.poetryintranslation.com/PITBR/.../VirgilAeneidI.htm
翻譯這個網頁
... to face so many. trials? Can there be such anger in the minds of the gods? .... the pain deep in his heart. They make ready the game, and the future feast: ..... See, Priam! Here too virtue has its rewards, here too. there are tears for events, and mortal things touch the heart. Lose your fears: this fame will bring you benefit.' ...

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西方的墓誌銘習俗，多少能綜述「墓主」的貢獻。譬如說，古羅馬大詩人維吉爾的：「…….我歌唱過牧場、田園和領袖。」分別指他的三本主要詩作：《牧歌》、《農事詩》、《埃涅阿斯紀：羅馬史詩》

田園詩, 牧歌 (維吉爾)

維吉爾《埃涅阿斯紀》

楊周翰先生是我很佩服的一位專家。昨天讀但丁，取他翻譯的《埃涅阿斯紀》（Johnson說他每夜讀它一章，12天讀畢。此法不錯），找一句的出處。我思索他為什麼要略去那句不翻…….

維吉爾《埃涅阿斯紀》楊周翰譯，南京：譯林，1999，p.14
王承教編《埃涅阿斯紀》章義，北京：華夏，2010

「特奧克托斯做為作家甚不足道，至於他的牧歌，維吉爾明顯比他高明。……特奧克托斯雖然生活在美麗的國土，但描寫不多，他寫的風習很粗鄙。維吉爾的描寫多得多，更富於情調，更多大自然，藝術性更高。」----Life of Johnson by Boswell p.1066

Theocritus is not deserving of very high respect as a writer: as to the pastoral part, Virgil is very evidently superiour He wrote when there had been a large influx of knowledge into the world than when Theocritus lived. Theocritus does not abound in the description, though living in a beautiful country: the manners painted are coarse and gross. Virgil has much more description, more sentiment, more of Nature, and more of art."

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身為作家，忒奧克里托斯並不值得極高的評價：就田園牧歌而言，維吉爾顯然更勝一籌。維吉爾寫作的時代，世界的知識水準遠比忒奧克里托斯所生活的時代高得多。儘管忒奧克里托斯生活在一個美麗的國家，但他的描寫卻並不豐富：他筆下的風俗習慣粗俗不堪。維吉爾的描寫更加詳盡，情感更加豐富，對自然的描繪更加細膩，藝術的詮釋也更加精妙。

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nbGV-MVfgec

發佈於 2012 年 4 月 28 日

路德維希·範·貝多芬第三號交響曲（降E大調，作品55號），柏林愛樂樂團演奏。貝多芬的《英雄交響曲》（Eroica，義大利語意為「英雄」）是一部里程碑式的音樂作品，標誌著作曲家「中期」的全面到來。這是一系列前所未有的大型作品，情感深邃，結構嚴謹。

就連帕拉斯的坐騎埃頓也在哭泣。

《埃涅阿斯紀：羅馬史詩》 - 第218頁 - 谷歌圖書搜尋結果

https://books.google.com.tw/books?isbn=0253200458

維吉爾利維·羅伯特·林德 - 1963 - 文學評論

戰馬埃頓跟在他們身後，它的裝飾已被卸下；90 它哭泣著……當戰友們的隊伍先行通過後，埃涅阿斯停下了腳步。

《埃涅阿斯紀》：羅馬史詩

維吉爾著，利維·羅伯特·林德譯

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nbGV-MVfgec
Published on Apr 28, 2012

Ludwig van Beethoven Symphony No. 3 in E flat major (Op. 55),Berliner Philharmoniker Symphony Numer Three Eroica By Beethoven also known as the Eroica (Italian for "heroic"), is a landmark musical work marking the full arrival of the composer's "middle-period," a series of unprecedented large scale works of emotional depth and structural rigor.

Even Aethon, the horse of Pallas, was crying.