Space, Time and Architecture: The Growth of a New Tradition (Sigfried Giedion )

THE CHARLES ELIOT NORTON LECTURES

Space, Time and Architecture

The Growth of a New Tradition

Fifth Revised and Enlarged Edition

Sigfried Giedion

 Sigfried Giedion was the first secretary-general of the International Congress of Modern Architecture. He taught at the University of Zurich, MIT, and Harvard, where he became chairman of the Graduate School of Design.


A milestone in modern thought, Space, Time and Architecture has been reissued many times since its first publication in 1941 and translated into half a dozen languages. In this revised edition of Sigfried Giedion’s classic work, major sections have been added and there are 81 new illustrations.

The chapters on leading contemporary architects have been greatly expanded. There is new material on the later development of Frank Lloyd Wright and the more recent buildings of Walter Gropius, particularly his American Embassy in Athens. In his discussion of Le Corbusier, Mr. Giedion provides detailed analyses of the Carpenter Center at Harvard University, Le Corbusier’s only building in the United States, and his Priory of La Tourette near Lyons. There is a section on his relations with his clients and an assessment of his influence on contemporary architecture, including a description of the Le Corbusier Center in Zurich (designed just before his death), which houses his works of art. The chapters on Mies van der Rohe and Alvar Aalto have been brought up to date with examples of their buildings in the sixties. There is an entirely new chapter on the Danish architect Jørn Utzon, whose work, as exemplified in his design for the Sydney Opera House, Mr. Giedion considers representative of post–World War II architectural concepts.

A new essay, “Changing Notions of the City,” traces the evolution of the structure of the city throughout history and examines current attempts to deal with urban growth, as shown in the work of such architects as José Luis Sert, Kenzo Tange, and Fumihiko Maki. Mr. Sert’s Peabody Terrace is discussed as an example of the interlocking of the collective and individual spheres. Finally, the conclusion has been enlarged to include a survey of the limits of the organic in architecture.

http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674030473

• Introduction: Architecture of the 1960s: Hopes and Fears
• Part I: History a Part of Life
  
  • Introduction
  • The Historian’s Relation to His Age
  • The Demand for Continuity
  • Contemporary History
  • The Identity of Methods
  • Transitory and Constituent Facts
  • Architecture as an Organism
  • Procedure
• Part II: Our Architectural Inheritance
  
  • The New Space Conception: Perspective
  • Perspective and Urbanism
    
    • Prerequisites for the Growth of Cities
    • The Star-Shaped City
  • Perspective and the Constituent Elements of the City
    
    • The Wall, the Square, and the Street
    • Bramante and the Open Stairway
    • Michelangelo and the Modeling of Outer Space
    • What Is the Real Significance of the Area Capitolina?
  • Leonardo da Vinci and the Dawn of Regional Planning
  • Sixtus V (1585–1590) and the Planning of Baroque Rome
    
    • The Medieval and the Renaissance City
    • Sixtus V and His Pontificate
    • The Master Plan
    • The Social Aspect
  • The Late Baroque
  • The Undulating Wall and the Flexible Ground Plan
    
    • Francesco Borromini, 1599–1667
    • Guarino Guarini, 1624–1683
    • South Germany: Vierzehnheiligen
  • The Organization of Outer Space
    
    • The Residential Group and Nature
    • Single Squares
    • Series of Interrelated Squares
• Part III: The Evolution of New Potentialities
  
  • Industrialization as a Fundamental Event
  • Iron
    
    • Early Iron Construction in England
    • The Sunderland Bridge
    • Early Iron Construction on the Continent
  • From the Iron Column to the Steel Frame
    
    • The Cast-Iron Column
  • Toward the Steel Frame
    
    • James Bogardus
    • The St. Louis River Front
    • Early Skeleton Buildings
    • Elevators
  • The Schism between Architecture and Technology
    
    • Discussions
    • École Polytechnique: the Connection between Science and Life
    • The Demand for a New Architecture
    • The Interrelations of Architecture and Engineering
  • Henri Labrouste, Architect Constructor, 1801–1875
  • New Building Problems—New Solutions
    
    • Market Halls
    • Department Stores
  • The Great Exhibitions
    
    • The Great Exhibition, London, 1851
    • The Universal Exhibition, Paris, 1855
    • Paris Exhibition of 1867
    • Paris Exhibition of 1878
    • Paris Exhibition of 1889
    • Chicago, 1893
  • Gustave Eiffel and His Tower
• Part IV: The Demand for Morality in Architecture
  
  • The Nineties: Precursors of Contemporary Architecture
    
    • Brussels the Center of Contemporary Art, 1880–1890
    • Victor Horta’s Contribution
    • Berlage’s Stock Exchange and the Demand for Morality
    • Otto Wagner and the Viennese School
  • Ferroconcrete and Its Influence upon Architecture
    
    • A. C. Perret
    • Tony Gamier
• Part V: American Development
  
  • Europe Observes American Production
  • The Structure of American Industry
  • The Balloon Frame and Industrialization
    
    • The Balloon Frame and the Building-up of the West
    • The Invention of the Balloon Frame
    • George Washington Snow, 1797–1870
    • The Balloon Frame and the Windsor Chair
  • Plane Surfaces in American Architecture
    
    • The Flexible and Informal Ground Plan
  • The Chicago School
    
    • The Apartment House
  • Toward Pure Forms
    
    • The Leiter Building, 1889
    • The Reliance Building, 1894
    • Sullivan: The Carson, Pirie, Scott Store, 1889–1906
    • The Influence of the Chicago World’s Fair, 1893
  • Frank Lloyd Wright
    
    • Wright and the American Development
    • The Cruciform and the Elongated Plan
    • Plane Surfaces and Structure
    • The Urge toward the Organic
    • Office Buildings
    • Influence of Frank Lloyd Wright
    • Frank Lloyd Wright’s Late Period
• Part VI: Space-Time in Art, Architecture, and Construction
  
  • The New Space Conception: Space-Time
    
    • Do We Need Artists?
  • The Research into Space: Cubism
    
    • The Artistic Means
  • The Research into Movement: Futurism
  • Painting Today
  • Construction and Aesthetics: Slab and Plane
    
    • The Bridges of Robert Maillart
    • Afterword
  • Walter Gropius and the German Development
    
    • Germany in the Nineteenth Century
    • Walter Gropius
    • Germany after the First World War and the Bauhaus
    • The Bauhaus Buildings at Dessau, 1926
    • Architectural Aims
  • Walter Gropius in America
    
    • The Significance of the Post-1930 Emigration
    • Walter Gropius and the American Scene
    • Architectural Activity
    • Gropius as Educator
    • Later Development
    • American Embassy in Athens, 1956–1961
  • Le Corbusier and the Means of Architectonic Expression
    
    • The Villa Savoie, 1928–1930
    • The League of Nations Competition, 1927: Contemporary Architecture Comes to the Front
    • Large Constructions and Architectural Aims
    • Social Imagination
    • The Unité d’Habitation, 1947–1952
    • Chandigarh
    • Later Work
    • The Carpenter Center for Visual Arts, Harvard University, 1963
    • Le Corbusier and His Clients
    • The Priory of Ste. Marie de la Tourette, 1960
    • The Legacy of Le Corbusier
  • Mies van der Rohe and the Integrity of Form
    
    • The Elements of Mies van der Rohe’s Architecture
    • Country Houses, 1923
    • The Weissenhof Housing Settlement, Stuttgart, 1927
    • The Illinois Institute of Technology, 1939
    • High-rise Apartments
    • Office Buildings
    • On the Integrity of Form
  • Alvar Aalto: Irrationality and Standardization
    
    • Union between Life and Architecture
    • The Complementarity of the Differentiated and the Primitive
    • Finnish Architecture before 1930
    • Aalto’s First Buildings
    • Paimio: The Sanatorium, 1929–1933
    • The Undulating Wall
    • Sunila: Factory and Landscape, 1937–1939
    • Mairea, 1938–1939
    • Organic Town Planning
    • Civic and Cultural Centers
    • Furniture in Standard Units
    • Aalto as Architect
    • The Human Side
  • Jørn Utzon and the Third Generation
    
    • Relations to the Past
    • Jørn Utzon
    • The Horizontal Plane as a Constituent Element
    • The Right of Expression: The Vaults of the Sydney Opera House
    • Empathy with the Situation: The Zurich Theater, 1964
    • Sympathy with the Anonymous Client
    • Imagination and Implementation
  • The International Congresses for Modern Architecture (CIAM) and the Formation of Contemporary Architecture
• Part VII: City Planning in the Nineteenth Century
  
  • Early Nineteenth Century
  • The Rue de Rivoli of Napoleon I
  • The Dominance of Greenery: The London Squares
  • The Garden Squares of Bloomsbury
  • Large-Scale Housing Development: Regent’s Park
  • The Street Becomes Dominant: The Transformation of Paris, 1853–1868
    
    • Paris in the First Half of the Nineteenth Century
    • The “Trois Réseaux” of Eugène Haussmann
    • Squares, Boulevards, Gardens, and Plants
    • The City as a Technical Problem
    • Use of Modern Methods of Finance
    • The Basic Unit of the Street
    • The Scale of the Street
    • Haussmann’s Foresight: His Influence
• Part VIII: City Planning as a Human Problem
  
  • The Late Nineteenth Century
  • Ebenezer Howard and the Garden City
  • Patrick Geddes and Arturo Soria y Mata
  • Tony Gamier’s Cité Industrielle, 1901–1904
  • Amsterdam and the Rebirth of Town Planning
    
    • H. P. Berlage’s Plans for Amsterdam South
    • The General Extension Plan of Amsterdam, 1934
    • Interrelations of Housing and Activities of Private Life
• Part IX: Space-Time in City Planning
  
  • Contemporary Attitude toward Town Planning
  • Destruction or Transformation?
  • The New Scale in City Planning
    
    • The American Parkway in the Thirties
    • High-rise Buildings in Open Space
    • Freedom for the Pedestrian
    • The Civic Center: Rockefeller Center, 1931–1939
  • Changing Notions of the City
    
    • City and State
    • The City: No Longer an Enclosed Organism
    • Continuity and Change
    • The Individual and Collective Spheres
    • Signs of Change and of Constancy
• Part X: In Conclusion
  
  • On the Limits of the Organic in Architecture
  • Politics and Architecture
• Index

 可以在線上讀近9成的內容:Space, Time and Architecture: The Growth of a New Tradition ...
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另外王錦堂老師有漢譯本...

記沈金標兄的一次”aha!經驗”

Facebook上有些朋友在慶祝沈金標兄的生日。我與他1971-72是同寢室的，交往四十多年了。名副其實的｢老朋友｣了。

這些年大家都在進步。所以我2-3年前將阿標1972年寫給我的一封信，打字送他留念。可他已覺得那個昔日之｢我｣，比不上今日之我了 。

這些年來，能夠記的友情肯定有很多。不過總要靠些緣份。譬如說，上回他的新書發表會，時間與我跟苗栗的朋友約好的時間撞期，所以我竟然沒讀過他寫好小子的風采。阿標還說，那本書的寫作，肯定有一點點受到我的啟發呢。

今日昨日，社會上都有些令人怒、令人怨的事，多少影響我的祝壽心情。
不過，我覺得應該記下一些事。影響他最大的，當然是導航會引導他信主，以及隨後的服侍，譬如說，畢業後在東海校牧室服務很長的一段時間。

我總鼓勵朋友多寫回憶錄的。可惜，接受我建議的人不多。我認為有關「聖保羅」的書已不少，但是《沈金標回憶錄》則會是唯一的。

我所要記的沈金標兄的一次”aha!經驗” ，在東海1972年的暑假。那暑假，許多朋友都留在山上，阿標還看過青春玉女林青霞在東海校園拍電影。而我要記身為旁觀者所感受到他的讀書開竅了。

他暑期借本後厚的英文版建築書， Space, Time and Architecture: The Growth of a New Tradition  (Sigfried Giedion  經沈兄指正過) ，在第七宿舍樓上慢慢地將它讀完。他雖然沒做筆記，不過這類似將《資治通鑑》讀完，霍然開朗，原來，西方建築史在談的是什麼。我記得他讀完的｢悟｣之喜悅。

希望阿標不以為我在編故事。

2013年，就用這則獨家報導壽沈兄。