Fire and Light: How the Enlightenment Transformed Our World《 啟蒙 : 思想運動如何改變世界》(James MacGregor Burns)

James MacGregor Burns生前的最後一本書。

中文版缺索引，讓本書成半廢書，很不可取。

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Fire and Light: How the Enlightenment Transformed Our World [James MacGregor Burns] on Amazon.com. *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. With this profound and magnificent book, drawing on his deep reservoir of thought and expertise ...

"With this profound and magnificent book, drawing on his deep reservoir of thought and expertise in the humanities, James MacGregor Burns takes us into the fire's center. As a 21st-century philosopher, he brings to vivid life the incandescent personalities and ideas that embody the best in Western civilization and shows us how understanding them is essential for anyone who would seek to decipher the complex problems and potentialities of the world we will live in tomorrow." --Michael Beschloss, New York Times bestselling author of Presidential Courage: Brave Leaders and How They Changed America, 1789-1989

"James MacGregor Burns is a national treasure, and Fire and Light is the elegiac capstone to a career devoted to understanding the seminal ideas that made America - for better and for worse - what it is." --Joseph J. Ellis, Pulitzer Prize and National Book Award winning author Revolutionary Summer

Pulitzer Prize-winning and bestselling historian James MacGregor Burns explores the most daring and transformational intellectual movement in history, the European and American Enlightenment

In this engaging, provocative history, James MacGregor Burns brilliantly illuminates the two-hundred-year conflagration of the Enlightenment, when audacious questions and astonishing ideas tore across Europe and the New World, transforming thought, overturning governments, and inspiring visionary political experiments. Fire and Light brings to vivid life the galaxy of revolutionary leaders of thought and action who, armed with a new sense of human possibility, driven by a hunger for change, created the modern world. Burns discovers the origins of a distinctive American Enlightenment in men like the Founding Fathers Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, and James Madison, and their early encounters with incendiary European ideas about liberty and equality. It was these thinker-activists who framed the United States as a grand and continuing experiment in Enlightenment principles.

Today the same questions Enlightenment thinkers grappled with have taken on new urgency around the world: in the turmoil of the Arab Spring, in the former Soviet Union, and China, as well as in the United States itself. What should a nation be? What should citizens expect from their government? Who should lead and how can leadership be made both effective and accountable? What is happiness, and what can the state contribute to it? Burns's exploration of the ideals and arguments that formed the bedrock of our modern world shines a new light on these ever-important questions.

Editorial Reviews

Review

“With this profound and magnificent book, drawing on his deep reservoir of thought and expertise in the humanities, James MacGregor Burns takes us into the fire's center. As a 21st-century philosopher, he brings to vivid life the incandescent personalities and ideas that embody the best in Western civilization and shows us how understanding them is essential for anyone who would seek to decipher the complex problems and potentialities of the world we will live in tomorrow.” ―Michael Beschloss, New York Times bestselling author of Presidential Courage: Brave Leaders and How they Changed America, 1789-1989

“James MacGregor Burns is a national treasure, and Fire and Light is the elegiac capstone to a career devoted to understanding the seminal ideas that made America - for better and for worse - what it is.” ―Joseph J. Ellis, Pulitzer Prize and National Book Award winning author Revolutionary Summer

“James MacGregor Burns, one of America's most distinguished historians, has written a superb book. Fire and Light is a fluent and wide-ranging history of Enlightenment thinkers and of the many political actors--in Britain, France, and Britain--whom they influenced between the 17th century and the mid-1800s. Descartes, Spinoza, Hegel, Montesquieu, Locke, Hume, Franklin, Jefferson, Paine, Tocqueville, James Watt, James and John Stuart Mill, and Marx are among the host of writers, entrepreneurs, and national leaders who come to life on Burns's pages.” ―James T. Patterson, Bancroft Prize-winning author of The Eve of Destruction

“Our most eminent scholar of political and intellectual leadership offers a glowing narrative of the emancipation of reason in Fire and Light. Sweeping across two centuries, James MacGregor Burns's graceful prose etches memorable portraits of the leading thinkers, doers, and movements that transformed England, France, and America in the cause of reason, liberty, and equality. Through his riveting tale, we are reminded that the great but unfinished project of Enlightenment remains a challenge for our own times.” ―Bruce Miroff, author of Icons of Democracy: American Leaders As Heroes, Aristocrats, Dissenters, and Democrats

“James MacGregor Burns, who has achieved well-deserved acclaim for his histories of American politics and government, has now expanded his vision to the world of ideas in both Europe and America during the age of the Enlightenment. His newest book, Fire and Light, is a brilliant analysis of the way in which the power of ideas transformed the governments and cultures of America, Great Britain, and France during the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Its description of that process is not merely instructive and insightful, but genuinely inspirational.” ―Richard Beeman, author of Plain, Honest Men: The Making of the American Constitution

“Burns’s 18th and 19th century Enlightenment―the flourishing of ideas that’s the subject of this book―is essentially the New Deal writ large, the story of intentional improvement brought about by thoughts and action… [A] captivating tale of the (mostly) men who altered the Western world’s way of thinking.  Briskly and beautifully told, it’s basically a triumphal story… The writing never lapses into academese, and it has the same propulsiveness of another, though vaster, survey of ideas: Bertrand Russell’s A History of Western Philosophy…. [S]uperb.” ―Publishers Weekly

“The unleashing of the human mind from orthodoxy ushered in one of the most exciting periods in history, and consummate historian Burns proves a lively guide to the great currents of Enlightenment thought… Happiness, property, reform, universal suffrage: The author traces these key concepts to our own era, still worthy of fighting for, as evidenced by the recent events of the Arab Spring. An impassioned, big-picture primer ideal for college students.” ―Kirkus

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About the Author

JAMES MacGREGOR BURNS is the Pulitzer Prize and National Book Award-winning author of Roosevelt: The Lion and the Fox and Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom. He is the author of more than two dozen other books, including The Deadlock of Democracy and Leadership, which remains the seminal work in the field of leadership studies. He is the Woodrow Wilson Professor of Government Emeritus at Williams College and lives in Williamstown, Massachusetts.

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產品詳細資訊 Hardcover: 400 頁 出版商：Thomas Dunne Books； First Edition 版本 (2013年10月29日) 語言： English ISBN-10: 9781250024893 ISBN-13: 978-1250024893 ASIN: 1250024897

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《 法國大革命 啟蒙運動與大革命 》57~60


啟蒙 : 思想運動如何改變世界

作者: [美]伯恩斯(James MacGregor Burns)
出版社:文匯
出版時間:2019年07月
人民幣 ¥78
ISBN：9787549627813

內容簡介
啟蒙思想如同一場化雨春風，沿著繁榮的印刷文化的新網路傳播。跨越國界，跨越階級、種族和性別界限，顛覆舊的教條，激發新的期望。在本書中，作者將引領讀者走進啟蒙運動的火光中心，理解西方文明中個性與思想如何照進現實，它們曾在理性、自由和平等的事業上改變了十八、十九世紀的英國、法國和美國。並且，他還告訴我們，對於今天任何力圖破譯我們將生活的明日世界的複雜問題和潛力的人而言，如何理解那些個性與思想，仍至關重要。

作者簡介
詹姆斯•麥格雷戈•伯恩斯（James MacGregor Burns，1918—2014），美國當代傑出政治歷史學家，總統傳記作家，領導學研究泰斗；美國普利策獎及國家獎獲得者。伯恩斯生前為美國威廉姆斯學院伍德羅威爾遜榮譽退休教授，他在該校任教近40年。伯恩斯主要從事政治學、領導學領域的研究工作，尤其擅長于政治領導和美國總統的研究，在上述領域出版了20多部著作，其中《近距離看美國政治》成為美國政治領域的經典著作。此外，伯恩斯還是一位高超的總統傳記作家，1971年，他為佛蘭克林?L斯福總統寫的傳記《羅斯福：自由戰士》同時獲得普利策獎和美國國家圖書獎。

目　　錄
引言啟蒙運動的革命性
第一章觀念革命
自然狀態
理性的勝利
思想的自由
經驗之光
第二章統治大不列顛?
日益擴大的鴻溝
帝國的統治
蘇格蘭啟蒙運動
第三章革命的美國人
美國啟蒙運動
創造革命
不證自明的真理
平等主義者的時刻
第四章法國：統治還是毀滅？
巴黎皇室
哲學家與人民
國王的毀滅
發生巨變
瘋狂的派系
第五章美國政治改革
國家生活
個人的自由
人民的幸福
第一次轉變？
第六章英國：統治的規則
秘密遊戲
不是革命
破碎的爭論
第七章拿破崙統治
一場鬧劇
權力：至高價值
人民的背棄
復辟？
第八章英國：工業化的啟示
作為資本的思想
機器的暴政
財產與貧困
新激進分子
第九章法國：七月群眾
自由的反抗
民眾領袖
共和黨的復興
第十章美國實驗
我們都是共和黨人
民主的大多數
自由與平等
新世界
第十一章英國：改革之火
改革的策略
以思想為武器
步履蹣跚的改革
自由党的曙光
第十二章自由的陰影
作為財產的人
束縛的弊害
第十三章變革
自由的勝利
思想的衝突
美國的新啟蒙運動
致謝
注釋

引言 啟蒙運動的革命性（節選）
在歷史的長河中，歐洲思想曾受制於宗教正統觀念達數百年之久。除了零星的天主教反叛者和被宗教神聖化的帝王，大多數歐洲人一心指望著“死後的生活”，癡往於那個屬於虔誠教徒的天堂。為了維繫自身的統治權力，教會與世俗政權聯合起來，勞動人民因此飽受貴族與僧侶的盤剝。正如一位捷克平信徒所述，勞動人民“被剝奪了一切，飽受蹂躪、壓迫、毆打以及掠奪”，在自己的土地上忍受著饑餓與痛苦。
歷史學家約翰•赫伊津哈認為，當這樣一個時代結束時，“深深的憂慮重重地壓在人們心頭”。那時，無論是詩歌還是編年史，字裡行間無不彌漫著憂愁。這讓赫伊津哈回想起一首法國民謠：
這是充滿哀傷與誘惑的時代，
這是屬於眼淚、嫉妒與痛苦的歲月，
疲乏的日子、可鄙的日子，
退無可退的日子。
1517 年，馬丁•路德釘在威滕伯格大教堂門上的論文如晴天霹靂般將舊秩序擊得粉碎。路德指出，對神的認識不應該來自教皇或神職人員，而應該來自《聖經》，來自信徒自己對《聖經》的領會與理解。這一顛覆性的洞見無論在宗教領域還是世俗領域，均為西方思想帶去了革命性的新觀念。
從正統教義中解放出來的西方社會又是怎樣一番景況？羅馬教廷曾警告，失去了統一的領導，人類社會將陷入戰爭與分裂，呈現出一片混亂的局面。事實印證了教廷的判斷。宗教改革迅速引發無休止的衝突，天主教與新教你爭我奪。17 世紀初，激烈的內戰席捲歐洲，新教領袖的專制與殘暴絲毫不亞於信仰天主教的貴族與紅衣主教。巨大的恐懼籠罩著統治者與被統治者，人們擔心熾熱的政治和宗教仇恨會使社會滑向無政府狀態，統治者則不僅要應對反對勢力，還要應對反對勢力以之為手段的暴力行為，如農民起義、城市暴動等。貴族身處危險之中，國王深感不安，但是更為不安的，是飽受侵略、饑荒、瘟疫以及迫害的普通大眾。
但是，身陷困頓的歐洲卻在思想上充滿了活力。在掙脫了長久以來的思想束縛之後，到處都是新的觀念與激烈的爭論。隨著天主教權威的瓦解，人們開始提倡獨立思考。從天上的星星到地上的基岩，從人類的內在生命與精神到由人所建構起來的政治組織，所有的現象都得到了新的解讀，被重新加以考量與討論。
奇妙的啟蒙時代由此展開，人們在各個行動領域變革著領導權；人性、自由、平等、幸福被賦予創造性與革命性的解讀；思想既可以令書報讀者樂此不疲，也可以令不識字者津津樂道，既能在法院和議會引發爭執，也能在城市街道和偏遠鄉村導致衝突。