Elysium 世界的想像，到席勒/貝多芬時，可能2千多年了，所以想成
Daughter from Elysium, 似乎更具體？
- After the Renaissance, an even cheerier Elysium evolved for some poets. Sometimes it is imagined as a place where heroes have continued their interests from their lives. Others suppose it is a location filled with feasting, sport, song; Joy is the "daughter of Elysium" in Friedrich Schiller's ode "To Joy". The poet Heinrich Heine explicitly parodied Schiller's sentiment in referring to the Jewish Sabbath food cholent as the "daughter of Elysium" in his poem "Princess Shabbat".[26] ~~Elysium - Wikipedia
Elysium - Wikipedia
Schiller's Ode To Joy
This is the familiar version of the poem as used by Beethoven in his Ninth Symphony.Freude, Schöner Götterfunken,
Tochter aus Elysium,
Wir betreten feuer-trunken,
Himmlische, dein Heiligtum!
Deine Zauber binden wieder,
Was die Mode streng geteilt;
Alle Menschen werden Brüder,
Wo dein sanfter Flügel weilt.
Wem der grosse Wurf gelungen,
Eines Freundes Freund zu sein,
Wer ein holdes Weib errungen,
Mische seinen Jubel ein!
Ja, wer auch nur eine Seele
Sein nennt auf dem Erdenrund!
Und wer's nie gekonnt, der stehle
Weinend sich aus diesem Bund!
Freude trinken alle Wesen
An den Brüsten der Natur;
Alle Guten, alle Bösen
Folgen ihrer Rosenspur.
Küsse gab sie uns und Reben,
Einen Freund, geprüft im Tod;
Wollust ward dem Wurm gegeben,
Und der Cherub steht vor Gott.
Froh, wie seine Sonnen fliegen
Durch des Himmels Prächt'gen Plan,
Laufet, Brüder, eure Bahn,
Freudig, wie ein Held zum Siegen.
Seid umschlungen, Millionen!
Diesen Kuss der ganzen Welt!
Brüder über'm Sternenzelt
Muss ein lieber Vater wohnen.
Ihr stürzt nieder, Millionen?
Ahnest du den Schöpfer, Welt?
Such' ihn über'm Sternenzelt!
Über Sternen muss er wohnen.
| Joy! A spark of fire from heaven, Daughter from Elysium, Drunk with fire we dare to enter, Holy One, inside your shrine. Your magic power binds together, What we by custom wrench apart, All men will emerge as brothers, Where you rest your gentle wings. If you've mastered that great challenge: Giving friendship to a friend, If you've earned a steadfast woman, Celebrate your joy with us! Join if in the whole wide world there's Just one soul to call your own! He who's failed must steal away, shedding tears as he departs. All creation drinks with pleasure, Drinks at Mother Nature's breast; All the just, and all the evil, Follow down her rosy path. Kisses she bestowed, and grape wine, Friendship true, proved e'en in death; Every worm knows nature's pleasure, Every cherub meets his God. Gladly, like the planets flying True to heaven's mighty plan, Brothers, run your course now, Happy as a knight in victory. Be embracéd, all you millions, Share this kiss with all the world! Way above the stars, brothers, There must live a loving father. Do you kneel down low, you millions? Do you see your maker, world? Search for Him above the stars, Above the stars he must be living. |
Notes
This is a slightly revised version of a translation I produced for the programme notes of a performance of Beethoven's Ninth by Wokingham Choral Society in 2001, under the baton of Edward Gardner.I wrote it because I didn't like the translations I could find (and to avoid the trouble of getting copyright permission). I wanted a translation that was fairly literal line-by-line, as the purpose was to help the audience follow the German words, but that was also poetic. To produce a translation that was sufficiently literal I had to abandon any idea of following the rhyming scheme, but I felt that it should be possible to stick to the metre of the original: ideally producing a text that could be sung to Beethoven's tune.
The pace of the original changes dramatically in the last 12 lines; the rhyming scheme changes from ABAB to ABBA, and the rhythm from a jubilant 8-7-8-7 to a more pensive 8-7-7-8. My revised 2013 translation attempts to capture this change in mood; though I cannot reproduce the change in rhyming pattern, the change in metre is reflected faithfully, and the repetitive use of the same words in the German is also retained.
Copyright © 2001-2013 Michael Kay
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從梁文道談貝多芬《歡樂頌》談起
梁文道在這段節目中談了貝多芬《歡樂頌》的創作，他提到了一個問題：在貝多芬創作第九號交響曲的時候，法國大革命的激情已經消散無蹤，革命發生時的樂觀氣氛，已經被之後的暴力、殺戮所冷卻，拿破崙以武力對外輸出革命，軍隊的殘暴、大規模的傷亡，還有拿破崙的稱帝，嚴重減損了自身的合法性。貝多芬原本是拿破崙的粉絲，甚至還寫了交響曲獻給他，但是稱帝一事讓貝多芬大為反感，到了《威靈頓的勝利》，貝多芬已經在為拿破崙的失敗而歡呼了。那麼，貝多芬為何還沒有放棄他從1793年就開始醞釀的想法，以席勒的詩入樂？
今天提到席勒，沒有人會視若仇寇、棄若敝屣，但是在當時並不是如此。席勒的《強盜》（Die Räuber）寫獨裁統治，寫自由火苗的熄滅，在1781年首演，群情嘩然，符騰堡公爵將他逮捕。統治維也納的哈布斯堡家族也禁了席勒的戲，所以貝多芬即使當時想譜寫《歡樂頌》，也得三思而行。何況法國的國民議會在1792年授予席勒榮譽法國公民的頭銜，這對於亟思防堵法國革命的各國政權來說，不會變得更歡迎席勒。
而席勒自己對法國大革命的看法也開始改變，暴力與混亂讓他失望之餘，在1793年開始寫作《美感教育書簡》，他似乎認為藝術作為自由的來源較為可靠，席勒的結論是，「自由的根苗首先在於精神的美感樣態。」所以到貝多芬著手譜寫第九號交響曲時，席勒立場的調整使得他的作品與革命的關聯沒那麼鮮明，而詩文的內容也並不是在歌頌革命，而是在表達對一個遠遠凌駕於個體之上的更大的力量、更大的共同體的嚮往。
Freude, schöner Götterfunken
Tochter aus Elysium,
Wir betreten feuertrunken,
Himmlische, dein Heiligtum!
Deine Zauber binden wieder
Was die Mode streng geteilt;
Alle Menschen werden Brüder,
Wo dein sanfter Flügel weilt.
Tochter aus Elysium,
Wir betreten feuertrunken,
Himmlische, dein Heiligtum!
Deine Zauber binden wieder
Was die Mode streng geteilt;
Alle Menschen werden Brüder,
Wo dein sanfter Flügel weilt.
歡樂，天國的火花，
極樂世界的仙姬；
我們如醉如狂，
走進你的聖地。
習俗使人各奔東西，
憑你的魔力手相攜，
在你溫存的羽翼下，
四海之內皆兄弟。
（翻譯取自維基百科）
極樂世界的仙姬；
我們如醉如狂，
走進你的聖地。
習俗使人各奔東西，
憑你的魔力手相攜，
在你溫存的羽翼下，
四海之內皆兄弟。
（翻譯取自維基百科）
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