2010年9月4日 星期六

The Soviet Mind: Russian Culture Under Communism

"The Soviet Mind: Russian Culture Under Communism" by Isaiah. Berlin


《苏联的心灵》 作者:(英)以赛亚·伯林,版本:译林出版社,2010年7月版,定价:28.00元 《苏联的心灵》收录了以赛亚·伯林关于苏联 的一些从未发表过的文章。既有对二战后他与帕斯捷尔纳克和阿赫玛托娃等苏联作家的几次著名会晤的记叙,也有他呈交给英国外交部的关于斯大林统治下 苏联艺术状况的公文。以赛亚·伯林对俄国知识阶层有深刻的同情与了解,他为我们描述了一段知识分子的心路。 



The Soviet Mind: Russian Culture Under Communism


Isaiah Berlin, Henry Hardy, Strobe Talbott - 2004 - 296 pages
books.google.com


glam·our glam·or (glăm'ər) pronunciation
also
n.
  1. An air of compelling charm, romance, and excitement, especially when delusively alluring.
  2. Archaic. A magic spell; enchantment.

[Scots, magic spell, alteration of GRAMMAR (from the association of learning with magic).]

USAGE NOTE Many words, such as honor, vapor, and labor, are usually spelled with an -or ending in American English but with an -our ending in British English. The preferred spelling of glamour, however, is -our, making it an exception to the usual American practice. The adjective is more often spelled glamorous in both American and British usage.


Outis or Utis or Utisz or ουτις or OYTIΣ (pronounced: "outis") – means Nobody is an often used pseudonym. Artists, writers and others in public life use this pseudonym in order to hide their identity.

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Origin of the name

Blinding of the Cyclops

"OYTIΣ" was used as a pseudonym by the Homeric hero Odysseus, who fought Polyphemus Cyclops, and had put out the monster's eye. Polyphemus shouted in pain to the other Cyclopes of the island that "Nobody" was trying to kill him, so no one came to his rescue. The story of the Cyclops can be found in the song of the Odyssey, chapter 9 (in the Cyclopeia). The name Nobody can be found in five different lines of Chapter 9. First of all in line 366:

  • "'Cyclops, you asked my noble name, and I will tell it; but do you give the stranger's gift, just as you promised. My name is Nobody. Nobody I am called by mother, father, and by all my comrades.'

Then in line 369:

  • "So I spoke, and from a ruthless heart he straightway answered: 'Nobody I eat up last, after his comrades; all the rest first; and that shall be the stranger's gift for you.'

Then in line 408:

  • "Then in his turn from out the cave big Polyphemus answered: 'Friends, Nobody is murdering me by craft. Force there is none. But answering him in winged words they said: If nobody harms you when you are left alone, illness which comes from mighty Zeus you cannot fly. But make your prayer to your father, lord Poseidon".

In line 455:

  • "Are you sorry because that wicked Nobody brought your master down with drink and blinded him?".

And in line 460:

  • "I should thus have some revenge for the harm that no-good Nobody has done me".

People with this pseudonym

Edgar Allan Poe
  • Edgar Allan Poe (1809 - 1849) In the New York Evening Mirror (January 14, 1845), Edgar Allan Poe launched an article denouncing the well-known poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow as a plagiarist. Longfellow remained silent on the matter, but a defender for Longfellow did appear, an anonymous writer who signed his letters only as "Outis," meaning "nobody." A great deal of speculation has centered around the identity of Outis, several scholars agree that he was none other than Poe himself. They believe that Poe himself wrote the defense of Longfellow, so Poe and Outis are the same person.
  • Henry Stevens of Vermont (1845 - 1886) American rare book dealer in England. He graduated from Yale. In 1845 he went to London 'on a book-hunting expedition' and remained there until his death. As an antiquarian he helped to build up several great American libraries. In 1877 under the pseudonym of ' Mr. Secretary Outis,' he projected and initiated a literary Association entitled The Hercules Club.
Hablot Knight Browne: illustration for David Copperfield
  • Hablot Knight Browne (1815 – 1882) British graphic artist, well known as Charles Dickens's illustrator. Among others he illustrated The Pickwick Papers, David Copperfield and Martin Chuzzlewit. Browne adopted the pseudonym "N. E. M. O." (Latin for "Nobody." Soon, however, he became "Phiz," this artistic pseudonym well suited for the creator of "phizzes"—delightful caricatures, as seen in his illustrations.
Camille Claudel
  • Camille Claudel (1864 –1943) French sculptor and graphic artist (she was Auguste Rodin's model, student and lover) had a domesticated canary (Serinus canaria) with this name: Nemo. The small songbird was mentioned as alter ego of Camille Claudel in some personal letters by Rodin.
Utisz: Self portrait
  • István Orosz (1951-) Hungarian visual artist often used pseudonym is Utisz (the Hungarian spelling of the Greek name "ουτις," or "OYTIΣ", pronounced: "outis") The hidden meaning of the ancient tale is very close to the visual pitfalls created by István Orosz. He likes to use visual paradox, double meaning images and optical illusion – all of them are some kind of attack upon the eye, an Odysseus' gesture in a symbolic way.

"Orosz doubles even himself: from time to time, he signs his works as Utisz, the pseudonym borrowed from Cyclopeia. The most artful Greek, Odysseus, also used as a pseudonym the word meaning No-man, and as we know, with that exchange of names, then Polyphemos the Cyclops’ eye came into the world. The gouging out of the eye, or deception to the eye, also accompanied the works of Orosz/Utisz, if only metaphorically. Trompe l’oeil – we refer with an art historical expression to those images in which illusion guides the gaze. Orosz often uses such artifice, though he is completely aware of the danger of these deceptive procedures. He put it this way at a symposium a few years back: I hope my intentions are clear, in the ambitions of a Hungarian artist at the turn of the century, who does not tell the truth only to be caught in the act." (Introduction by Guy d'Obonner)

  • No One is a nu metal music group from Chicago, Illinois. The original name of the four-piece band was Black Talon. They are active from 1994.
  • Nobody (band), a Japanese rock duo consisting of Yukio Aizawa (相沢 行夫) and Toshio Kihara (木原 俊雄)
  • Noname is a penname of Harold Cohen (1854-1927) American author. He wrote science fiction novels under the pseudonyms Harry Enton and "Noname." After some titles his well known series Frank Reade was continued by Luis Senarens (1865-1939) who used "Noname" as well.
Captain Nemo
Little Nemo

See also

István Orosz: Three Islands

External links


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