昨日世界：一個歐洲人的回憶
就記蕭伯納與文豪 H. G. Wells的一場辯論，外人很不容易了解......
George Bernard Shaw
Biographical
George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950) was born in Dublin, the son of a civil servant. His education was irregular, due to his dislike of any organized training. After working in an estate agent’s office for a while he moved to London as a young man (1876), where he established himself as a leading music and theatre critic in the eighties and nineties and became a prominent member of the Fabian Society, for which he composed many pamphlets. He began his literary career as a novelist; as a fervent advocate of the new theatre of Ibsen (The Quintessence of Ibsenism, 1891) he decided to write plays in order to illustrate his criticism of the English stage. His earliest dramas were called appropriately Plays Pleasant and Unpleasant (1898). Among these, Widower’s Houses and Mrs. Warren’s Profession savagely attack social hypocrisy, while in plays such as Arms and the Man and The Man of Destiny the criticism is less fierce. Shaw’s radical rationalism, his utter disregard of conventions, his keen dialectic interest and verbal wit often turn the stage into a forum of ideas, and nowhere more openly than in the famous discourses on the Life Force, «Don Juan in Hell», the third act of the dramatization of woman’s love chase of man, Man and Superman (1903).
In the plays of his later period discussion sometimes drowns the drama, in Back to Methuselah (1921), although in the same period he worked on his masterpiece Saint Joan (1923), in which he rewrites the well-known story of the French maiden and extends it from the Middle Ages to the present.
Other important plays by Shaw are Caesar and Cleopatra (1901), a historical play filled with allusions to modern times, and Androcles and the Lion (1912), in which he exercised a kind of retrospective history and from modern movements drew deductions for the Christian era. In Major Barbara (1905), one of Shaw’s most successful «discussion» plays, the audience’s attention is held by the power of the witty argumentation that man can achieve aesthetic salvation only through political activity, not as an individual. The Doctor’s Dilemma (1906), facetiously classified as a tragedy by Shaw, is really a comedy the humour of which is directed at the medical profession. Candida (1898), with social attitudes toward sex relations as objects of his satire, and Pygmalion (1912), a witty study of phonetics as well as a clever treatment of middle-class morality and class distinction, proved some of Shaw’s greatest successes on the stage. It is a combination of the dramatic, the comic, and the social corrective that gives Shaw’s comedies their special flavour.
Shaw’s complete works appeared in thirty-six volumes between 1930 and 1950, the year of his death.
This autobiography/biography was written at the time of the award and first published in the book series Les Prix Nobel. It was later edited and republished in Nobel Lectures. To cite this document, always state the source as shown above.
Nobel Prize
George Bernard Shaw, an Irish playwright, was the leading dramatist of his generation. Born on this day in 1856 he was awarded the 1925 Nobel Prize in Literature "for his work which is marked by both idealism and humanity, its stimulating satire often being infused with a singular poetic beauty."
Shaw wrote more than sixty plays including 'Pygmalion' - for which he later won an Oscar for the screenplay. He was the first person to receive both a Nobel Prize and an Academy Award.
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1949年之前，中國出版的 蕭伯納作品，可能超過20部，待查。有好幾本，台灣商務都用諸如"漢譯世界名著"、"萬有文庫薈要"等套書重印。
中國連蕭伯納的"樂評"都有翻譯本。
翻譯是困難的事，林語堂/譯，《賣花女(英漢對照)》，台南市：開山書店，1967年。(這本應是1930年的書)，一開始就有一處誤譯。楊憲益後來的，就沒錯。
在台灣出版的作品[編輯]
- 《賣花女》(選評)，中國對外翻譯出版公司，2004年。
- 《蕭翁談樂：蕭伯納音樂散文評論選》，生活‧讀書‧新知三聯書店，2005年。
- 《蕭伯納戲劇選》，作家出版社，2006年。
- 《華倫夫人的職業：蕭伯納劇作選》，上海譯文出版社，2006年。
- 《聖女貞德》(中英對照)，中國書籍出版社，2008年。該書附有光碟。
- 《以子為父》，江蘇文藝出版社，2010年。
- 藍文海/譯，《人與超人》，台北市：啟明書局，1951年。
- 顧帆/譯，《蕭伯納情書》，台北市：文友，1956年。
- 譯者不詳，《蕭伯納情書》，台北市：啟明書局，1956年。
- 元鑫/譯，《魔鬼的門徒》，台北市：新興，1957年。
- 啟明書編譯所/編譯，《人與超人》，台北市：啟明書局，1957年。
- 譯者不詳，《聖女貞德》，台北市：三一劇藝社，1964年。
- 胡仁源/譯，《千歲人》，台北市：台灣商務，1965年。
- 林語堂/譯，《賣花女(英漢對照)》，台南市：開山書店，1967年。
- 倜然/譯，《黑女尋神記》，台南市：開山，1968年。
- 蔡進松/譯，《蕭伯納戲劇選集》，台北市：驚聲文物供應社，1970年。
- 俞樹清/譯，《蕭伯納書信》，台北市：正文出版，1970年。
- 林語堂/譯，《賣花女》，台北市：華貿出版，1976年。
- 中國文化學院戲劇學系影劇組/編，《人與超人》，台北市：中國文化學院戲劇學系影劇組，1976年。 (非賣品)
- 中國文化學院戲劇學系影劇組/編，《賣花女》，台北市：中國文化學院戲劇學系影劇組，1976年。 (非賣品)
- 陳蒼多/譯，《蕭伯納趣談婚姻》，台南市：德華，1977年。
- 諾貝爾文學獎全集編譯委員會/ 編譯，《蕭伯納/戴麗達》，台北市：九五文化出版，1981年。
- 黃嘉德/譯，《蕭伯納情書》，台南市：大孚書局，1982年。
- 顏元叔/主編，《蕭伯納戲劇選集》，台北市：驚聲文物，1984年。
- 陳惠華、吳潛誠/譯，《人與超人、聖女貞德》，台北市：遠景出版，1987年第6版。
- 英若誠/譯，《芭芭拉少校》，台北市：書林，2003年。
- 林筱青、曾文英/譯，《尼貝龍根的指環：完美的華格納》，台北市：高談文化，2003年。
- 林筱青、曹文英/譯，《華格納寓言：揭開《尼貝龍根指環》的面紗》，台北縣新店市：高談文化，2000年。
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