2023年9月13日 星期三

Antigone: A Drama of Defiance. 莎孚 What Ancient Greek Tragedies Can Teach Us About Grief

The cemetery in Sidiro, a small Greek village near the Turkish border, where about 200 unidentified people have been buried.
Credit...Enri Canaj/Magnum, for The New York Times

What Ancient Greek Tragedies Can Teach Us About Grief

Seeing works by Sophocles and Aeschylus in their native land imparts indelible lessons about pain and memory.


https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/12/magazine/greek-tragedy.html



Kreon [to Antigone]: you knew it was
against the law
Antigone: well if you call that law
Kreon: I do
Antigone: Zeus does not
 Justice does not
 the dead do not
 what they call law did not begin
today or yesterday
 when they say law they do not
 mean a statute of
today or yesterday
 they mean the unwritten unfailing
 eternal ordinances
of the gods
 that no human being can
 ever outrun


莎孚(Σαπφώ)

(約西元前610—不詳)

*古希臘詩人。教導萊斯博斯島的少女們在愛芙羅黛蒂的祭典上獻歌載舞。一般認為是同性戀者,「lesbian(女同性戀者)」一詞的語源即來自其居住地名稱。曾被柏拉圖譽為第十謬思。


  宛如紅蘋果般的豔紅

高掛在枝頭

絲線,也高高地掛在林梢

高得連紡紗人都快看不見了

不,正因為他們看丟了

所以才沒發現

那顆紅蘋果


死亡是件壞事

神祇們也立下了如是規誡

否則,大家應當早就死去了吧

***

此名劇的中英文本都不難找到

Antigone is a tragedy by Sophocles written in or before 441 BC. Of the three Theban plays Antigoneis the third in order of the events depicted in the plays, but it ...


安提戈涅古希臘悲劇作家索福克勒斯公元前442年的一部作品,被公認為是戲劇史上最偉大的作品之一。該劇在劇情上是忒拜三部曲中的最後一部,但是最早寫就的。劇中描寫了伊底帕斯的女兒安提戈涅不顧國王克瑞翁的禁令,將自己的兄長,反叛城邦的波呂尼刻斯安葬,而被處死,而一意孤行的國王也遭致妻離子散的命運。劇中人物性格飽滿,劇情發展絲絲相扣。安提戈涅更是被塑造成維護神權/自然法,而不向世俗權勢低頭的偉大女英雄形象,激發了後世的許多思想家如黑格爾克爾凱郭爾德希達等的哲思。



Where do your first loyalties lie: family or society?
The dilemma is at the heart of Antigone - a drama written by Sophocles nearly 2,500 years ago. Is it still relevant today?
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